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Analysis of Ergonomic Parameters in Architectural Design Studios: A Case Study of Bursa Technical University

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 15 - 29, 28.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1571754

Abstract

Ergonomics encompasses physical, psychological, and environmental factors, with a crucial role in educational settings. Design studios, integral to architecture, interior architecture, and urban planning education, must ensure optimal spatial, visual, auditory, and thermal comfort to foster creativity and technical skills. This study evaluates the design studios at Bursa Technical University’s Faculty of Architecture and Design, assessing ergonomic conditions through technical measurements and user satisfaction surveys. Findings reveal that repurposed spaces used as design studios fail to meet essential ergonomic standards, impacting students’ learning experiences. The study highlights deficiencies in spatial organization, lighting, acoustics, and thermal conditions, emphasizing the need for improvements. By addressing these shortcomings, the research aims to guide the optimization of design studios as dynamic educational environments supporting technical drawing, group critiques, model-making, and workshop activities. The study is expected to serve as a guiding reference for the organization of design studios in accordance with ergonomic standards.

References

  • American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (2010). Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society Of Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Atlanta. (ASHRAE, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010).
  • Arpacıoğlu, Ü. (2012). Mekânsal kalite ve konfor için önemli bir faktör: Günışığı, Mimarlık Dergisi, 2012, (368), 48-52.
  • Bilmez, D. H., Çelik, K., Diri, C. & Arpacıoğlu, Ü. (2022). Evaluation of architectural workshops in terms of acoustic comfort conditions: YADYO workshop example of Çukurova University Department of Architecture. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7 (2), 852-870. doi: https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1153583
  • Building Bulletin 101. (2006). Ventilation of School Buildings, Regulations, Standards, Design Criteria, Version 1.4.
  • Caldwell, B. J. (1992). The Principal as Leader of the Self‐ managing School in Australia, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 30 No. 3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578239210014289
  • Dinçer, H. (1978). İnsanda Enerji Kullanımı ve Karşılanması. MPM Ergonomi Eğitim Programı, Kasım, Ankara.
  • Edholm, O. G. (1980). Çalışma İlmi (Ergonomie), (Çev. Sacid Adalı). İstanbul: Sakarya D.M.M. Akademisi Yayınları.
  • Grandjean, E. (1967). Précis d'ergonomie. Presses Academiques Europeenes.
  • Hira, D. S. (1980). An ergonomic appraisal of educational desks. Ergonomics, 23, 213–221. T.J.
  • International Organization for Standardization (2005). Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria (ISO Standard No. 7730:2005). Access Address (30.06.2024): https://www.iso.org/standard/39155.html
  • İşeri, A. & Arslan, N. (2009). Estimated anthropometric measurements of Turkish adults and effects of age and geographical regions. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39(5): 860–5.
  • Kızılörenli, E. & Tokuç, A. (2022). Parametric optimization of a responsive façade system for daylight performance. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7 (1), 72-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1038768
  • Kuru, R. & Canbay Türkyılmaz, Ç. (2019). Kütüphane yapılarının mekânsal organizasyonunun ergonomik açıdan değerlendirilmesi: Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Kütüphane binası örneği. Ergonomi. 2(3), 153–166. doi: 10.33439/ergonomi.481138
  • Lassonde, K. A., Gloth, C. A. & Borchert, K. (2012). Windowless classrooms or a virtual window world: Does a creative classroom environment help or hinder attention?, Teaching of Psychology, 39(4), 262–267. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628312456618
  • Laville, A. (1976). I’Ergonomie. PUF Paris.
  • Mehrparvar, A. H., Mirmohammadi, S. J., Hafezi, R., Mostaghaci, M. & Davari, M. H. (2015). Static anthropometric dimensions in a population of Iranian high school students: Considering ethnic differences. Human Factors, 57(3), 447–460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720814549579
  • Savanur, C. S., Altekar C. R. & De, A. (2007). Lack of conformity between Indian classroom furniture and student dimensions: proposed future seat/table dimensions. Ergonomics, 50:10, 1612– 1625. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130701587350
  • Smith T. J. (1998). Context specificity in performance – the defining problem for human factors/ergonomics. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd annual meeting (pp. 692–696). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
  • Smith, T. J., Henning, R. H. & Smith, K. (1994). Sources of performance variability. In Salvendy G., Karwowski W. (Eds.), Design of work and development of personnel in advanced manufacturing (Chapter 11, pp. 273–330). New York: Wiley.
  • Temel, S. C. & Canbay Türkyılmaz, Ç. (2018). Geleneksel Safranbolu Evi’nin işlevsel dönüşümünde ergonomik tasarım faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Curtlar evi örneği. Ergonomi, 1(3), 163-175.
  • Toka, C. (1978). İnsan-Araç Bağıntısında Ergonomik Tasarım İlkeleri. İ.D.G.S.A Yayın No: 73.
  • Turkish Standards Institution (2011). Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements (TSE 12665:2011).
  • Yapıcı, F. & Baş, H. (2015). Verimlilikte ergonomik faktörler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), ÖS: Ergonomi, 2015, 591-595, 2015 ISSN: 1308-6693
  • Yurdakul, S. (2018). İç Mekân Kalitesi Parameteleri ve Ölçümleri, Meksis Sunum. Access Address (30.06.2024): https://meksis.gov.tr/sayfa.aspx?ID=22
  • Zandvliet, D. B. & Straker, L. M. (2001). Physical and psychosocialaspects of the learning environment in information technology rich classrooms. Ergonomics, 44:9, 838-857. doi: 10.1080/00140130117116

Mimari Tasarım Stüdyolarında Ergonomi Ölçütlerinin Analizi: Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 15 - 29, 28.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1571754

Abstract

Ergonomi, fiziksel, psikolojik ve çevresel faktörleri kapsayarak eğitim ortamlarında önemli bir rol oynar. Mimarlık, iç mimarlık ve şehir-planlama eğitiminde kritik bir yere sahip olan tasarım stüdyoları, yaratıcılığı ve teknik becerileri desteklemek için mekânsal, görsel, işitsel ve termal konfor açısından optimal koşullara sahip olmalıdır. Bu çalışma, Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi’ndeki tasarım stüdyolarını ergonomik koşullar açısından değerlendirmiştir. Teknik ölçümler ve kullanıcı memnuniyeti anketleri aracılığıyla yapılan analizler, stüdyo olarak kullanılan dönüştürülmüş alanların temel ergonomik standartları karşılayamadığını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma, mekânsal düzenleme, aydınlatma, akustik ve termal konfor eksikliklerini vurgulayarak bu alanların iyileştirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Araştırma, teknik çizim, grup değerlendirmeleri, model yapımı ve atölye çalışmalarına uygun, dinamik eğitim ortamlarının oluşturulmasına yönelik rehber niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın tasarım stüdyolarının ergonomik standartlara uygun şekilde düzenlenmesine yönelik yol gösterici bir kaynak oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (2010). Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society Of Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Atlanta. (ASHRAE, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010).
  • Arpacıoğlu, Ü. (2012). Mekânsal kalite ve konfor için önemli bir faktör: Günışığı, Mimarlık Dergisi, 2012, (368), 48-52.
  • Bilmez, D. H., Çelik, K., Diri, C. & Arpacıoğlu, Ü. (2022). Evaluation of architectural workshops in terms of acoustic comfort conditions: YADYO workshop example of Çukurova University Department of Architecture. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7 (2), 852-870. doi: https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1153583
  • Building Bulletin 101. (2006). Ventilation of School Buildings, Regulations, Standards, Design Criteria, Version 1.4.
  • Caldwell, B. J. (1992). The Principal as Leader of the Self‐ managing School in Australia, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 30 No. 3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578239210014289
  • Dinçer, H. (1978). İnsanda Enerji Kullanımı ve Karşılanması. MPM Ergonomi Eğitim Programı, Kasım, Ankara.
  • Edholm, O. G. (1980). Çalışma İlmi (Ergonomie), (Çev. Sacid Adalı). İstanbul: Sakarya D.M.M. Akademisi Yayınları.
  • Grandjean, E. (1967). Précis d'ergonomie. Presses Academiques Europeenes.
  • Hira, D. S. (1980). An ergonomic appraisal of educational desks. Ergonomics, 23, 213–221. T.J.
  • International Organization for Standardization (2005). Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria (ISO Standard No. 7730:2005). Access Address (30.06.2024): https://www.iso.org/standard/39155.html
  • İşeri, A. & Arslan, N. (2009). Estimated anthropometric measurements of Turkish adults and effects of age and geographical regions. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39(5): 860–5.
  • Kızılörenli, E. & Tokuç, A. (2022). Parametric optimization of a responsive façade system for daylight performance. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7 (1), 72-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1038768
  • Kuru, R. & Canbay Türkyılmaz, Ç. (2019). Kütüphane yapılarının mekânsal organizasyonunun ergonomik açıdan değerlendirilmesi: Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Kütüphane binası örneği. Ergonomi. 2(3), 153–166. doi: 10.33439/ergonomi.481138
  • Lassonde, K. A., Gloth, C. A. & Borchert, K. (2012). Windowless classrooms or a virtual window world: Does a creative classroom environment help or hinder attention?, Teaching of Psychology, 39(4), 262–267. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628312456618
  • Laville, A. (1976). I’Ergonomie. PUF Paris.
  • Mehrparvar, A. H., Mirmohammadi, S. J., Hafezi, R., Mostaghaci, M. & Davari, M. H. (2015). Static anthropometric dimensions in a population of Iranian high school students: Considering ethnic differences. Human Factors, 57(3), 447–460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720814549579
  • Savanur, C. S., Altekar C. R. & De, A. (2007). Lack of conformity between Indian classroom furniture and student dimensions: proposed future seat/table dimensions. Ergonomics, 50:10, 1612– 1625. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130701587350
  • Smith T. J. (1998). Context specificity in performance – the defining problem for human factors/ergonomics. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd annual meeting (pp. 692–696). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
  • Smith, T. J., Henning, R. H. & Smith, K. (1994). Sources of performance variability. In Salvendy G., Karwowski W. (Eds.), Design of work and development of personnel in advanced manufacturing (Chapter 11, pp. 273–330). New York: Wiley.
  • Temel, S. C. & Canbay Türkyılmaz, Ç. (2018). Geleneksel Safranbolu Evi’nin işlevsel dönüşümünde ergonomik tasarım faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Curtlar evi örneği. Ergonomi, 1(3), 163-175.
  • Toka, C. (1978). İnsan-Araç Bağıntısında Ergonomik Tasarım İlkeleri. İ.D.G.S.A Yayın No: 73.
  • Turkish Standards Institution (2011). Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements (TSE 12665:2011).
  • Yapıcı, F. & Baş, H. (2015). Verimlilikte ergonomik faktörler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), ÖS: Ergonomi, 2015, 591-595, 2015 ISSN: 1308-6693
  • Yurdakul, S. (2018). İç Mekân Kalitesi Parameteleri ve Ölçümleri, Meksis Sunum. Access Address (30.06.2024): https://meksis.gov.tr/sayfa.aspx?ID=22
  • Zandvliet, D. B. & Straker, L. M. (2001). Physical and psychosocialaspects of the learning environment in information technology rich classrooms. Ergonomics, 44:9, 838-857. doi: 10.1080/00140130117116
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architectural Design, Architecture (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İmran Gümüş 0000-0002-1837-281X

İstem Seçkin Parlakyıldız Köse 0000-0001-7783-9195

Publication Date July 28, 2025
Submission Date October 26, 2024
Acceptance Date February 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gümüş, İ., & Parlakyıldız Köse, İ. S. (2025). Analysis of Ergonomic Parameters in Architectural Design Studios: A Case Study of Bursa Technical University. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 10(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1571754