Afet Sonrası Geçici Barınma Birimleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 377 - 393, 28.07.2025

Ezgi Dadaş Arıkan , Zeynep Yeşim İlerisoy

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1587704

Abstract

Afetlerin şehirler ve toplumlar üzerindeki yıkıcı etkileri göz önüne alındığında; hazırlık ve afet zararlarını azaltma aşamaları önem kazanmaktadır. Geçici barınma, afet ve acil durum planlamasının en temel gerekliliklerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada; günümüzde afet sonrası acil yardım aşamasında kullanılan barınakların, güçlü ve geliştirilmesi gereken yönlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada, yapı sistemlerine dayalı bir analiz yapmak amacıyla literatür taramasından 20 adet acil barınma ünitesi örneği seçilmiştir. Ele alınan tasarımlar yapım sistemlerine göre; membran mantığına dayalı sistemler, kompakt sistemler, modüler sistemler ve geleneksel yapım sistemleri olmak üzere dört ana başlıkta toplanmıştır. İkinci aşamada, literatür taraması ışığında etkin tasarım kriterleri oluşturulmuştur. İncelenen barınaklar, tasarım kriterleri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Analizlerde; acil barınma birimlerinin, tasarım kriterlerini birbirine yakın oranlarda sağladığı görülmüştür. Membran sistemlerden Shiftpod kriterleri sağlamada en başarılı tasarım olmuş, modüler sistemlerden Icosa Village Pods değerlendirmede ikinci sırada gelmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda, modüler sistemlerin sahip olduğu potansiyeller vurgulanmıştır. Proje ve prototip aşamasında kalmış barınaklar konfor ve maliyet açısından zayıf bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Afet , geçici barınma , afet dayanıklılığı , yapım teknolojisi

An Assessment on Temporary Post-Disaster Shelters

Abstract

Considering the destructive effects of disasters on cities and societies, the stages of disaster prevention and mitigation are gaining prominence. Temporary shelters are a basic requirement of disaster and emergency planning. This study aims to investigate the strengths and aspects that need improvement of the shelters used in the post-disaster phase. The research consists of two stages. In the first stage, to conduct an analysis based on construction systems, 20 emergency shelter unit examples were selected from the literature review. The designs were categorised according to construction, membrane-based, compact, modular, and traditional construction systems. In the second stage, effective design criteria were established in consideration of the literature review. Shiftpod, one of the membrane systems, was the most successful design in meeting the criteria, while Icosa Village Pods, one of the modular systems, came second in the evaluation. As a result of the review, the potential of modular systems was emphasized. The shelters in the project and prototype stages were found to be inadequate in terms of comfort and cost.

Keywords

Disaster , temporary shelter , disaster resilience , construction technology

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