Araştırma Makalesi
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THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 18 - 31, 05.01.2026

Öz

Bu çalışma, Yeni Zelanda Te Whāriki Erken Çocukluk Müfredatının temel ilkeleri ve öğrenme alanlarının, erken çocukluk için 21. Yüzyıl Öğrenme Çerçevesi ve 21. Yüzyıl Öğrenme Tanımları çerçevesindeki beceri kategorileri açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenleri içerisinde yer alan doküman analizi yöntemi temelinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Te Whāriki müfredat dokümanları ile erken çocukluk için 21. Yüzyıl Öğrenme Çerçevesi ve 21. Yüzyıl Öğrenme Tanımları çerçevesinin dokümanları karşılaştırmalı, tematik ve içerik odaklı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, Te Whāriki’nin güçlendirme, bütüncül gelişim, aile ve toplum ile ilişkiler ilkelerinin, eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme, yaratıcılık, iş birliği ve sosyal/kültürel beceriler ile 21. yüzyıl becerileriyle doğrudan örtüştüğünü göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde, öğrenme alanları olan iyi oluş, aidiyet, katılım, iletişim ve keşif de çocukların öz yönelim, sağlık okuryazarlığı, sosyal-duygusal gelişim ve yaratıcılık becerilerini destekleyen bir yapı sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, programın teknoloji okuryazarlığı ve dijital beceriler konusunda sınırlı kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Te Whāriki müfredatı, çocukların bireysel öğrenme süreçlerini destekleyen, sosyal ve kültürel bağlamı gözeten ve 21. yüzyıl becerileri ile uyumlu bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, programın dijital içerik ve araçlarının kullanımı ve dijital becerilerin güçlendirilmesi yönünde öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada herhangi bir canlı, insan katılımcı veya deneysel uygulama ile doğrudan çalışılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla etik kurul izni gerektirmemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Atış Akyol, N., & Aşkar, N. (2022). Erken çocukluk döneminde 21. yüzyıl becerileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(3), 2597–2628.
  • Biesta, G. (2015). Good education in an age of measurement. Routledge.
  • Blaiklock, K. (2010). Te Whāriki, the New Zealand early childhood curriculum: Is it effective? International Journal of Early Years Education, 18(3), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2010.521296
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Care, E., Kim, H., Vista, A., & Anderson, K. (2019). Education system alignment for 21st century skills: Focus on assessment. Brookings Institution.
  • Chan, A. (2019). Te Whāriki: An early childhood curriculum in a superdiverse New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 54(2), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-019-00138-z
  • Cowper, A., & Teschers, C. (2023). Exploring how Te Whāriki and the New Zealand Curriculum prepare children and students for an Art of Living. Teachers' Work, 20(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.24135/teacherswork.v20i1.369
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Çetin, M., & Çetin, G. (2021). A critical outlook on MoNE early childhood education curriculum in terms of 21st century skills. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 35(1), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2021351258
  • Çetingöz, D. (2023). Development of 21st century skills during preschool period: A phenomenological study in Türkiye. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 15(1), 46–63.
  • Dahlberg, G., & Moss, P. (2005). Ethics and politics in early childhood education. Oxford: Routledge. Paperback ISBN: 9-780-41528-0426.
  • Dinler, V., Simsar, A., & Yalçın, Y. (2021). 3-6 Yaş çocukların 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. e-Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.941467
  • Duckworth, A. L., & Carlson, S. M. (2013). Self-regulation and school success. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, & U. Müller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 208–230). Cambridge University Press.
  • Edwards, S. (2013). Digital play in the early years: a contextual response to the problem of integrating technologies and play-based pedagogies in the early childhood curriculum. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 21(2), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2013.789190
  • Gelen, İ. (2017). P21-Program ve öğretimde 21. yüzyıl beceri çerçeveleri (ABD uygulamaları). Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 15–29.
  • McLaughlin, T., Allen, J., & Zeng, E. (2024). Children’s learning and development data in early childhood education: An exploration of analysis methods underpinned by the principles of Te Whāriki and standards for educational assessment. Ministry of Social Development. https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/children-and-families-research-fund/childrens-learning-and-development-data-in-early-childhood-education.pdf
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
  • Ministry of Education. (2017). Te Whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa: Early childhood curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education. Nicholls, M. (2018). Cultural perspectives from Aotearoa/New Zealand: Te Whāriki as an intergenerational curriculum. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 26(2), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2018.1462811
  • Nikkola, T. M., Kangas, J., & Reunamo, J. (2024). Children's creative participation as a precursor of 21st century skills in Finnish early childhood education and care context. Learning and Individual Differences, 111, Article 102437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102437
  • OECD. (2015). Skills for social progress: The power of social and emotional skills. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264226159-en
  • Özoğul, B., Yıldız, E., & Durmuşoğlu, M. C. (2021). Tarihi, temelleri ve yapısıyla Yeni Zelanda erken çocukluk eğitim programı: Te Whàriki. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences (IJOESS), 12(44), 423-446.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21). (2019a). Framework for 21st century learning definitions. Washington, DC: Battelle for Kids.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Skills (2019b). 21st century learning for early childhood guide. BattleforKids.Available at https://static.battleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21EarlyChildhood Guide.pdf
  • Ritchie, J. (2018). Early childhood care and education in the cultural context of Aotearoa (New Zealand). In M. Fleer & B. van Oers (Eds.), Handbook of international perspectives on early childhood education (pp. 215–229). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562193
  • Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford University Press.
  • Sands, L., & McChesney, K. (2022). How learning stories influence children’s learning identities. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 58(1), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-022-00273-0
  • Sylva, K., Sammons, P., Melhuish, E., Siraj, I., & Taggart, B. (2020). Developing 21st century skills in early childhood: The contribution of process quality to self-regulation and pro-social behaviour. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 23(3), 465–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-020-00945-x
  • Şepitci Sarıbaş, M. (2022). Türkiye okul öncesi eğitim programı ve Yeni Zelanda Te Whārikiprogramı: Erken çocukluk eğitimi kapsamında karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme. In Z. Karacagil & M. Bulut (Eds.), Sosyal bilimlerde güncel tartışmalar (1. baskı, s. 11-25). Ankara: Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
  • Thomas, T., & Pillay, S. (2014). Mindful of our past, optimistic for our future: Learning from Te Whāriki to develop your curriculum. Exchange, (March/April), 18–21. https://www.childcareexchange.com/article/mindful-of-our-past-optimistic-for-our-future-learning-from-te-whariki-to-develop-your-curriculum/5021618/
  • Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Tunçeli, H. İ., & Zembat, R. (2017). Erken çocukluk döneminde gelişimin değerlendirilmesi ve önemi. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 1-12. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/339966
  • Urban, M. (2017). We need meaningful systemic evaluation, not measurable indicators. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 4(2), 18-24
  • Winslow, R., Green, E., & Penman, F. R. (2025). Considerations of quality: Examining theoretical perspectives informing infant and toddler pedagogy in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Early Years, 45(2), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2024.2347944

THE EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TE WHĀRIKI PROGRAM AND 21ST-CENTURY SKILLS

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 18 - 31, 05.01.2026

Öz

This study examines how the core principles and learning areas of New Zealand's early childhood education program Te Whāriki align with the skill categories outlined in 21st-century Learning for Early Childhood Framework and P21 Framework Definitions. The research was conducted using a document analysis method, a qualitative approach that allows for a systematic and content-focused examination of written materials, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of program contents, conceptual structures, objectives, and learning outcomes. In this study, the Te Whāriki curriculum documents were analyzed comparatively, thematically, and content-wise alongside the 21st Century Early Learning Skills Framework and P21 Framework Definitions documents. Research findings show that the principles of Te Whāriki—empowerment, holistic development, and relationships with family and community—directly align with critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, collaboration, social/cultural skills, and 21st-century competencies.Similarly, the learning areas of well-being, belonging, participation, communication, and exploration support children’s self-direction, health literacy, socio-emotional development, and creativity. However, the program was found to be limited in terms of technology literacy and digital skills. Overall, the Te Whāriki curriculum provides a framework that supports children’s individual learning processes, considers social and cultural contexts, and aligns with 21st-century skills. Within the scope of this study, recommendations were developed for the use of the program's digital content and tools and for strengthening digital skills.

Etik Beyan

No live subjects, human participants, or experimental procedures were involved in this study. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required.

Kaynakça

  • Atış Akyol, N., & Aşkar, N. (2022). Erken çocukluk döneminde 21. yüzyıl becerileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(3), 2597–2628.
  • Biesta, G. (2015). Good education in an age of measurement. Routledge.
  • Blaiklock, K. (2010). Te Whāriki, the New Zealand early childhood curriculum: Is it effective? International Journal of Early Years Education, 18(3), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2010.521296
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Care, E., Kim, H., Vista, A., & Anderson, K. (2019). Education system alignment for 21st century skills: Focus on assessment. Brookings Institution.
  • Chan, A. (2019). Te Whāriki: An early childhood curriculum in a superdiverse New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 54(2), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-019-00138-z
  • Cowper, A., & Teschers, C. (2023). Exploring how Te Whāriki and the New Zealand Curriculum prepare children and students for an Art of Living. Teachers' Work, 20(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.24135/teacherswork.v20i1.369
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Çetin, M., & Çetin, G. (2021). A critical outlook on MoNE early childhood education curriculum in terms of 21st century skills. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 35(1), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2021351258
  • Çetingöz, D. (2023). Development of 21st century skills during preschool period: A phenomenological study in Türkiye. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 15(1), 46–63.
  • Dahlberg, G., & Moss, P. (2005). Ethics and politics in early childhood education. Oxford: Routledge. Paperback ISBN: 9-780-41528-0426.
  • Dinler, V., Simsar, A., & Yalçın, Y. (2021). 3-6 Yaş çocukların 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. e-Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.941467
  • Duckworth, A. L., & Carlson, S. M. (2013). Self-regulation and school success. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, & U. Müller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 208–230). Cambridge University Press.
  • Edwards, S. (2013). Digital play in the early years: a contextual response to the problem of integrating technologies and play-based pedagogies in the early childhood curriculum. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 21(2), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2013.789190
  • Gelen, İ. (2017). P21-Program ve öğretimde 21. yüzyıl beceri çerçeveleri (ABD uygulamaları). Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 15–29.
  • McLaughlin, T., Allen, J., & Zeng, E. (2024). Children’s learning and development data in early childhood education: An exploration of analysis methods underpinned by the principles of Te Whāriki and standards for educational assessment. Ministry of Social Development. https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/research/children-and-families-research-fund/childrens-learning-and-development-data-in-early-childhood-education.pdf
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
  • Ministry of Education. (2017). Te Whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa: Early childhood curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education. Nicholls, M. (2018). Cultural perspectives from Aotearoa/New Zealand: Te Whāriki as an intergenerational curriculum. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 26(2), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2018.1462811
  • Nikkola, T. M., Kangas, J., & Reunamo, J. (2024). Children's creative participation as a precursor of 21st century skills in Finnish early childhood education and care context. Learning and Individual Differences, 111, Article 102437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102437
  • OECD. (2015). Skills for social progress: The power of social and emotional skills. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264226159-en
  • Özoğul, B., Yıldız, E., & Durmuşoğlu, M. C. (2021). Tarihi, temelleri ve yapısıyla Yeni Zelanda erken çocukluk eğitim programı: Te Whàriki. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences (IJOESS), 12(44), 423-446.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21). (2019a). Framework for 21st century learning definitions. Washington, DC: Battelle for Kids.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Skills (2019b). 21st century learning for early childhood guide. BattleforKids.Available at https://static.battleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21EarlyChildhood Guide.pdf
  • Ritchie, J. (2018). Early childhood care and education in the cultural context of Aotearoa (New Zealand). In M. Fleer & B. van Oers (Eds.), Handbook of international perspectives on early childhood education (pp. 215–229). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562193
  • Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford University Press.
  • Sands, L., & McChesney, K. (2022). How learning stories influence children’s learning identities. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 58(1), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-022-00273-0
  • Sylva, K., Sammons, P., Melhuish, E., Siraj, I., & Taggart, B. (2020). Developing 21st century skills in early childhood: The contribution of process quality to self-regulation and pro-social behaviour. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 23(3), 465–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-020-00945-x
  • Şepitci Sarıbaş, M. (2022). Türkiye okul öncesi eğitim programı ve Yeni Zelanda Te Whārikiprogramı: Erken çocukluk eğitimi kapsamında karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme. In Z. Karacagil & M. Bulut (Eds.), Sosyal bilimlerde güncel tartışmalar (1. baskı, s. 11-25). Ankara: Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
  • Thomas, T., & Pillay, S. (2014). Mindful of our past, optimistic for our future: Learning from Te Whāriki to develop your curriculum. Exchange, (March/April), 18–21. https://www.childcareexchange.com/article/mindful-of-our-past-optimistic-for-our-future-learning-from-te-whariki-to-develop-your-curriculum/5021618/
  • Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Tunçeli, H. İ., & Zembat, R. (2017). Erken çocukluk döneminde gelişimin değerlendirilmesi ve önemi. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 1-12. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/339966
  • Urban, M. (2017). We need meaningful systemic evaluation, not measurable indicators. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 4(2), 18-24
  • Winslow, R., Green, E., & Penman, F. R. (2025). Considerations of quality: Examining theoretical perspectives informing infant and toddler pedagogy in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Early Years, 45(2), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2024.2347944
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Beyza Yıldırım 0009-0001-5499-4480

Zeynep Gulgec 0000-0002-7108-5086

Tunahan Karaarslan 0009-0003-5177-4073

Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, B., Gulgec, Z., & Karaarslan, T. (2026). THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 18-31.
AMA Yıldırım B, Gulgec Z, Karaarslan T. THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ. MEAD. Ocak 2026;9(2):18-31.
Chicago Yıldırım, Beyza, Zeynep Gulgec, ve Tunahan Karaarslan. “THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Ocak 2026): 18-31.
EndNote Yıldırım B, Gulgec Z, Karaarslan T (01 Ocak 2026) THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 2 18–31.
IEEE B. Yıldırım, Z. Gulgec, ve T. Karaarslan, “THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ”, MEAD, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 18–31, 2026.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Beyza vd. “THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 9/2 (Ocak2026), 18-31.
JAMA Yıldırım B, Gulgec Z, Karaarslan T. THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ. MEAD. 2026;9:18–31.
MLA Yıldırım, Beyza vd. “THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2026, ss. 18-31.
Vancouver Yıldırım B, Gulgec Z, Karaarslan T. THE WHARİKİ PROGRAMININ 21. YÜZYIL BECERİLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ. MEAD. 2026;9(2):18-31.