Response of some durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes on tissue culture parameters

Abstract

The research was carried out using 13 durum wheat genotypes Altın 40/98, Ankara 98, Berkmen-469, Çeşit 1252, Eminbey, İmren, Kızıltan-91, Kunduru 414/44, Kunduru 1149, Meram 2002, Mirzabey 2000, Selçuk 97, Yelken 2000 that are important in breeding programs as parents due to their tolerance against biotic-abiotic stresses and high adaptation features. Biotechnological characterization of these genotypes was made by determining their responses to callus culture parameters. The study used mature embryos, obtained from their seeds under sterile conditions that were cultured on agar solidified MS medium containing 2 mg l-1 2,4-D. The developed calli were transferred to MS medium without any hormones to form shoots and roots and were compared among themselves with significant difference among genotypes in the parameters of callus weight, regeneration capacity (%) and culture effect at the level of P<0.01. Berkmen-469, Kızıltan-91 and Eminbey had the highest regeneration capacity and culture effect values among 13 durum wheat genotypes that induced maximum callus regeneration. These genotypes were found to have higher genetic transformation ability and could form the basis for the development of resistant varieties with biotechnological methods in future.

Keywords

• Embryo culture,Genotypic effect,Durum wheat,Triticum durum,Regeneration

Makarnalık buğday (Triticum durum Desf.) çeşitlerinin doku kültürü parametrelerine tepkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmada Türkiye makarnalık buğday tarımında öneme sahip ve biyotik-abiyotik stres faktörlerine yüksek adaptasyon özelliklerinden dolayı ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak yararlanılan 13 makarnalık buğday genotipi (Altın 40/98, Ankara 98, Berkmen-469, Çeşit 1252, Eminbey, İmren, Kızıltan-91, Kunduru 414/44, Kunduru 1149, Meram 2002, Mirzabey 2000, Selçuklu 97, Yelken 2000) kullanılmıştır. Bu genotiplerin, kallus kültürü parametrelerine olan tepkileri belirlenerek biyoteknolojik karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır. Olgun embriyoların kullanıldığı araştırmada, steril koşullarda tohumlardan çıkartılan embriyolar 2 mg l-1 2,4-D ve MS mineral maddelerini içeren katı besin ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Gelişen kalluslar, sürgün ve kök oluşturabilmeleri için hormon içermeyen MS ortamına transfer edilmiştir. 13 makarnalık buğday genotipinin olgun embriyoları karşılaştırıldığında; kallus ağırlığı, rejenerasyon kapasitesi ve kültür etkisi parametrelerinde genotipler arasındaki farkın P<0.01 düzeyinde önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Test edilen 13 makarnalık buğday genotipinden Berkmen-469, Kızıltan-91 ve Eminbey en yüksek rejenerasyon kapasitesi ve kültür etkisi değerlerinin oluşturarak, rejenerasyon yeteneği en yüksek kallusları meydana getirmişlerdir. Bu genotiplerin doğrudan gen aktarılabilme potansiyellerinin diğer genotiplere göre daha yüksek olduğu ve önümüzdeki dönemlerde biyoteknolojik yöntemlerle dayanıklı çeşit geliştirilmesine taban oluşturabilecek genotipler olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Embriyo kültürü,Genotipik etki,Makarnalık buğday,Triticum durum,Rejenerasyon

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