Türkiye’den toplanan yerel soğan çeşitlerinin soğan sak nematodu Ditylenchus dipsaci’ye dayanıklılık reaksiyonları

Abstract

Türkiye’ den toplanmış olan toplam olarak 27 farklı yerel soğan çeşidinin soğan sak nematoduna dayanıklılıkları taranmıştır. Çalışma 20°C’ de %70 nem koşullarında 16/8 saat (aydınlık/ karanlık) periyodunda büyütme dolabında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bitkiler 7 X 8 cm boyutlarında plastik saksılarda %45 kum, %45 killi milli toprak, %10 oranında organik madde karışımında yetiştirilmiştir. İki yüz nematod içeren 10µl nematod süspansiyonu 3-4 yaprak aşamasında bitkilere bulaştırılmıştır. Bitkiler nematod inokulasyonundan 6 hafta sonra hasat edilmiş ve bitkilerdeki nematodlar sayılmıştır. Düşük nematod üremesi görülen bitki çeşitleri ikinci kez Ditylenchus dipsaci ile inokule edilmiştir. Bitki çeşitlerinde nematod üremesine göre hassas standart çeşit Betopanko ile karşılaştırmalı olarak orta dayanıklıdan yüksek oranda hassas reaksiyona kadar gruplandırılmıştır. Otuz numaralı çeşit iki denemede de en düşük nematod üremesi göstermiştir ve birinci denemede orta dayanıklı, ikinci denemede ise orta hassas olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Yirmi üç ve 25 numaralı çeşitler hassas kontrole göre düşük sayıda nematod üremesine sahip olmuş ve nihai olarak orta hassas olarak gruplandırılmıştır.

Keywords

• nematod üremesi
• Allium cepa
• Bitki paraziti nematod
• Büyütme dolabı testlemesi
• Dayanıklılık

Resistance reactions of onion landraces collected from Turkey to the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci

Abstract

A total of 27 accessions of different onion landraces from Turkey were screened for their resistance to stem and bulb nematode. The study was carried out in a growth chamber at 20°C, with a 16/8 h (light/dark) photoperiod and at 70% relative humidity. The plants were grown in 7 X 8 cm diameter plastic pots filled with a mixture of 45% sand, 45% clay loam soil, 10% organic matter. Two hundred nematodes in 10 µl nematode suspension were inoculated to each plant at the 3-4 leaves stage. Plants were harvested six weeks after inoculation and number of nematodes was counted. Onion landraces that had low nematode reproduction were subjected to a second screening test. The landraces were classified from moderately resistant to highly susceptible according to their nematode reproduction in comparison to susceptible standard cultivar Betapanko. Accession 30 had the lowest number of nematodes in the both experiments and was classified moderately resistant and moderately susceptible in the first and second experiments, respectively. The accessions 23 and 25 had lower number of nematodes relative to standard cultivar and were classified as moderately susceptible in conclusion.

Keywords

• Allium cepa
• Growth chamber testing
• Nematode reproduction
• Plant parasitic nematode
• Resistance

References

1. Andres MF, Lopez‒Fando S (1996) Effect of granular nemticide applications on the population density of Ditylenchus dipsaci in garlic. Nematropica 2: 167-170.
2. Bingefors S (1970) Resistance against stem nematodes, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Publication Series A No 54: 63-75.
3. Bridge J, Hunt D (1986) Nematodes. Tropical Development and Research Institute and Office of Overseas Development Administration Pest Control in Tropical Onion. Tropical Development and Research Institute, London.
4. Cook R, Evans K (1987) Resistance and Tolerance. In: Brown RH, Kerry BR (Eds.), Principles and Practice of Nematode Control in Crops. Academic Press, Sydney, pp. 179-231.
5. Devran Z, Söğüt MA, Gözel U, Tör M, Elekcioglu IH (2008) Analysis of genetic variation between populations of Meloidogyne spp. from Turkey. Russian Journal of Nematology 16: 143-149.
6. Devran Z, Başköylü B, Taner A, Doğan F (2013) Comparison of PCR-based molecular markers for identification of Migene. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B – Soil and Plant Science 45: 395-402.
7. Gray FA, Soh DH (1989) A Nematicide seed treatment to control Ditylenchus dipsaci on seedling Alfalfa. Journal of Nematology 21: 184-188.
8. Hallmann J, Subbotin SA (2005) Methods for Extraction, Processing and Detection of Plant and Soil Nematodes. In: Luc M, Sikora RA, Bridge J (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. CABI Publishing, London, pp. 87-119.

9. Janssen GJW (1994) The relevance of races in Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev, the stem nematode. Fundamentals of Applied Nematology 17: 469-473.
10. Kühnhold V, Kiewnick S, Sikora R (2006) Development of an in vitro bioassay to identify sugar beet resistance to the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematology 8: 641-645.
11. Lundin P, Jonsson HA (1975) Weibull’sVertus, a Lucerne variety with high resistance to stem nematodes and Verticillium wilt. Agri Hortique Genetica 33: 17-32.
12. Mennan S, Ecevit O (2002) Investigations on effectiveness of different preparations on onion race of Ditylenchus dipsaci. Journal of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agricultre 17: 20-24.
13. Mennan S (2005) Influence of planting date and initial population density on damage to onion (Allium cepa L.) caused by stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 29: 215-224.
14. Moens M, Perry RN, Starr JL (2009) Meloidogyne Species a Diverse Group of Novel and Important Plant Parasites, 1-17”. In: Root- Knot Nematodes (Eds. Perry RN, Moens M, Starr JL). CABI, London, pp. 488.
15. Mwaura P, Niere B, Vidal S (2015) Resistance and tolerance of potato varieties to potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) and stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci). Annals of Applied Biology 166: 257-270.
16. Pang W, Hafez SL, Sundararaj P (2009) Screening of onion cultivars for resistance and tolerance to Prtylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla. Nematropica 39: 47-55.
17. Plowright RA, Caubel G, Mizen KA (2002) Ditylenchus species. In: Starr JL, Cook R, Bridge J (Eds.), Plant resistance to parasitic nematodes. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 107-139.
18. Roberts PA (2002) Concepts and consequences of resistance, In: Starr JL, CookR, Bridge J (Eds.), Plant Resistance to Parasitic Nematodes. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 23-41.
19. Seinhorst JW (1956) Population studies on stem eelworms (Ditylenchus dipsaci). Nematologica 1: 159-164.
20. Sikora AR, Fernandez E (2005) Nematode parasites of vegetables, In: Luc M, Sikora R, Bridge J (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. CABI Publishing, UK, pp. 319-393.
21. Sturhan D, Brzeski MW (1991) Stem and Bulb Nematodes, Ditylenchus spp., In: Nickle WR (ed.) Manual of Agricultural Nematology, Marcel Dekker Publications, New York, pp. 423-465.
22. The R Project for Statistical Computing (2019) statistical analysis packages. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages. Accessed 15 November 2019.
23. Yavuzaslanoglu E, Dikici A, Elekcioglu IH (2015) Effect of Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on onion yield in Karaman Province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 39: 227-233.
24. Yavuzaslanoglu E (2019) Resistance and Tolerance of Commercial Onion Cultivars to Stem and Bulb Nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 25: 409-416.