Prevalence, Number and Localization of Wormian Bones in Anatolian Adult Dry Skulls

Abstract

Aim: The locations of the Wormian bones (WBs) are critical knowledge for physicians, anatomists, forensic scientists, and anthropologists. The purpose of the study is to identify the number and location of WBs in the Anatolian population. Material and Methods: The study included 29 adult skulls from anatomy departments at two universities in Türkiye. The skulls' gender and age were unknown. The prevalence, quantity, and location of WBs were assessed. Results: The greatest number of WBs (mean 1.79) were found in the lambdoid suture, which was followed by the coronal suture (0.43). Among the fontanelles, the Asterion had the highest number of WBs (0.42). Conclusion: According to our findings, the Lambdoid suture has the highest number of WBs. There is still a great deal of mystery around the causes of the occurrence and localization of WBs. Radiologists, neurosurgeons, forensic scientists, anatomists, and anthropologists must conduct more research in this area.

Keywords

• Wormian bones
• Lambdoid suture
• coronal suture
• asterion
• pterion

Kaynakça

1. Hauser G, De Stefano GF. Epigenetic variants of the human skull. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1989;196-200.
2. Sanchez-Lara PA, Graham JM, Hing A, et al. The morphogenesis of wormian bones: a study of craniosynostosis and purposeful cranial deformation. Am J Med Genet A. 2007;143:3243-51.
3. Bellary SS, Steinberg A, Mirzayan N, et al. Wormian bones: a review. Clin Anat. 2013;26:922-7.
4. Bennett KA. The etiology and genetics of wormian bones. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1965;23:255-60.
5. Wang JJ, Su YJ, Wang Q, et al. Sex differences in clinical characteristics and risk factors for disease severity of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MedComm (Beijing). 2021;2:247-55.
6. Shah AB, Tisano BK, Elattar O, et al. Foot deformities in hajdu-cheney syndrome: a rare case report and review of the literature. J Orthop Case Rep. 2017;7:11-5.
7. Natsis K, Piagkou M, Lazaridis N, et al. Incidence, number and topography of Wormian bones in Greek adult dry skulls. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019;78:359-70.
8. Jeanty P, Silva SR, Turner C. Prenatal diagnosis of wormian bones. J Ultrasound Med. 2000;19:863-9.

9. Semler O, Cheung MS, Glorieux FH, et al. Wormian bones in osteogenesis imperfecta: correlation to clinical findings and genotype. Am J Med Genet A. 2010;152A:1681-7.
10. Aschoff A, Kremer P, Hashemi B,et al. The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment. Neurosurg Rev. 1999;22:67-93.
11. Glass RBJ, Fernbach SK, Norton KI, et al. The infant skull: A vault of information. Radiographics. 2004;24:507-22.
12. Goyal N, Garg A, Kumar Y. Incidence and medicolegal significance of Wormian bones in human skulls in North India Region. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2019;9:165-8.
13. Govsa F, Ozer MA, Bayrak Taroglu S, Aktas EO. Anatomoradiological identification of intrasutural bones for importance of cranial fracture. Turk Neurosurg. 2014;24:357-62.
14. Cremin B, Goodman H, Spranger J, Beighton P. Wormian bones in osteogenesis imperfecta and other disorders. Skeletal Radiol. 1982;8:35-8.
15. Cirpan S, Aksu F, Mas N. The Incidence and topographic distribution of sutures including wormian bones in human skulls. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26:1687-90.
16. Nayak S. Multiple Wormian bones at the lambdoid suture in an Indian skull. Neuroanat. 2008;7:52-3.
17. Al Kaissi A, Ryabykh S, Ben Chehida F, et al. The tomographic study and the phenotype of Wormian bones. Diagnostics. 2023;13:874.