The Consequences of Fasting During Pregnancy on the Thiole/Disulfide Balance: An Observational Study

Öz

Aim: The objective of this research was to examine the impact of fasting on thiol-disulfide hemostasis in a population of healthy pregnant women. Material and Methods: The study, conducted during Ramadan in 2021, included a control group of 53 pregnant women who were fasting and 57 pregnant women with similar demographics who were not fasting. The disulfide, native thiol, and total thiol concentrations in centrifuged blood plasma and venous blood plasma were all looked at. The ratios "disulphide/thiol 100," "disulphide/total thiol 100," and "thiol/total thiol 100" were all calculated. Results: There were 32 pregnant women in the second trimester and 21 pregnant women in the third trimester among fasting participants, whereas there were 33 pregnant women in the second trimester and 24 pregnant women in the third trimester among non-fasting participants. Disulfide, disulfide/nativethiol*100, disulfide/totalthiol*100, and native/totalthiol*100 ratios were not significantly different between groups. A statistically significant difference was seen between the groups when comparing the mean values of native thiol and total thiol. Conclusion: Our research is one of the first to examine homeostasis in pregnant women who were fasting, making it a remarkable advance in the field. The study demonstrated a discernible alteration in the thiol-disulfide balance, enhancing the process of oxidation. Fasting during pregnancy is associated with an increase in oxidative stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fasting
• Oxidative stress
• Pregnant women
• Ramadan
• Thiol-disulfide homeostasis

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval was received for this study from the ethics committee of Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital. Decision No: 2021/52 Date: 04.04.2021

Teşekkür

The authors thank to Prof. Dr. Özcan EREL, Prof. Dr. Yeşim BAYOĞLU TEKİN, Doç. Dr. Deniz KULAKSIZ and Doç. Dr. Recep ERİN.

Kaynakça

1. Ünal K, Topçuoğlu C, Yücel Ç, et al. Effects of ramadan lifestyle on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers in adult males. J Clin Anal Med. 2019;10:5-9.
2. Pamukcu Gunaydin G, Dogan NO, Cevik Y, et al. Evaluation of patients with renal colic that present to an emergency department during the month of Ramadan. JAEM. 2013;12:24-6.
3. Alkandari JR, Maughan RJ, Roky R, et al. The implications of Ramadan fasting for human health and well-being. J Sports Sci. 2012;30:S9-19.
4. Robinson T, Raisler J. “Each one is a doctor for herself”: Ramadan fasting among pregnant Muslim women in the United States. Ethn Dis. 2005;15:S1-99-103.
5. Joosoph J, Abu J, Yu SL. A survey of fasting during pregnancy. Singapore Med J. 2004;45:583-6.
6. Sies H. Oxidative stress: from basic research to clinical application. Am J Med. 1991;91:S31-8.
7. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;25:287-99.
8. Serdar Z, Gür E, Çolakoðullarý M, et al. Lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant function in women with mild and severe preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2003;268:19-25.

9. Aksungar FB, Topkaya AE, Akyildiz M. Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and biochemical parameters during prolonged intermittent fasting. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51:88-95.
10. Al-Shafei AIM. Ramadan fasting ameliorates arterial pulse pressure and lipid profile, and alleviates oxidative stress in hypertensive patients. Blood Press. 2014;23:160-7.
11. Asemi Z, Samimi M, Taghizadeh M, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of Ramadan fasting on glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Kashan, Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2015;18:806-10.
12. Zare A, Hajhashemi M, Hassan ZM, et al. Effect of Ramadan fasting on serum heat shock protein 70 and serum lipid profile. Singapore Med J. 2011;52:491-5.
13. Chaouachi A, Coutts AJ, Wong DP, et al. Haematological, inflammatory, and immunological responses in elite judo athletes maintaining high training loads during Ramadan. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34:907-15.
14. Ibrahim WH, Habib HM, Jarrar AH, Al Baz SA. Effect of Ramadan fasting on markers of oxidative stress and serum biochemical markers of cellular damage in healthy subjects. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53:175-81.
15. Lee KH, Bartsch H, Nair J, et al. Effect of short-term fasting on urinary excretion of primary lipid peroxidation products and on markers of oxidative DNA damage in healthy women. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27:1398-403.
16. Ozturk E, Balat O, Ugur MG, et al. Effect of Ramadan fasting on maternal oxidative stress during the second trimester: a preliminary study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011;37:729-33.
17. Cremers CM, Jakob U. Oxidant sensing by reversible disulfide bond formation. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:26489-96.
18. Biswas S, Chida AS, Rahman I. Redox modifications of protein–thiols: emerging roles in cell signaling. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;71:551-64.
19. Erel O, Neselioglu S. A novel and automated assay for thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Clin Biochem. 2014;47:326-32.
20. Circu ML, Aw TY. Reactive oxygen species, cellular redox systems, and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;48:749-62.
21. Sies H. Role of reactive oxygen species in biological processes. Klin Wochenschr. 1991;69:965-8.
22. Sanhal CY, Daglar K, Kara O, et al. An alternative method for measuring oxidative stress in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: thiol/disulphide homeostasis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31:1477-82.
23. Colombo G, Rossi R, Gagliano N, et al. Red blood cells protect albumin from cigarette smoke–induced oxidation. PLoS One. 2012;7:e29930.
24. Akkaya H, Uysal G, Büke B, et al. Evaluation of fetal serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis in deliveries complicated by nuchal cord. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32:3543-7.
25. Cetin O, Karaman E, Alisik M, et al. The evaluation of maternal systemic thiol/disulphide homeostasis for the short-term prediction of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labour: a pilot study. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;42:1972-7.
26. McBean GJ, Aslan M, Griffiths HR, Torrão RC. Thiol redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. Redox Biol. 2015;5:186-94.
27. Ege S, Akduman H, Bademkıran MH, et al. Maternal serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pregnancies complicated by fetal hypoxia. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 2021;41:44-8.
28. Erol SA, Tanacan A, Altinboga O, et al. Evaluation of fetal serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels in fetal distress. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2022;41:426-35.
29. Kiremitli T, Kiremitli S, Erel O, et al. Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and ischemic modified albumin levels in isolated oligohydramnios. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;60:1038-42.
30. Cakina S, Aydın B, Beyazit F. Evaluation of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020;36:1006-9.
31. Onat T, Aydoğan Kırmızı D, Başer E, et al. The relationship between oxidative stress and preeclampsia. The serum ischemia-modified albumin levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;17:102-7.
32. Cakar E, Ayvacı H, Karcaaltincaba D, et al. Thiol-disulfide homoestasis in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32:3974-9.
33. Erol SA, Anuk AT, Tanaçan A, et al. An evaluation of maternal serum dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin changes in pregnant women with COVID-19. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;19:21-7.