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Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 491 - 499, 09.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1645581

Öz

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. Diabetes. Published 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes access date 21.02.2025.
  • Seuring T, Archangelidi O, Suhrcke M. The economic costs of type 2 diabetes: a global systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33:811-31.
  • Eroğlu N. Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring for the prevention of diabetes complications. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Journal of Health Sciences. 2019;4:31-3.
  • Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (TEMD). Guideline for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diabetes mellitus and its complications – 2022. In: Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, eds. Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines. Ankara: Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism Publications; 2022;1-356.
  • Deiss D, Bolinder J, Riveline JP, et al. Improved glycemic control in poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes using real-time continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2730-2.
  • Heinemann L. Finger pricking and pain: a never-ending story. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2:919-21.
  • Klonoff DC, Ahn D, Drincic A. Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of the technology and clinical use. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;133:178-92.
  • Beck RW, Hirsch IB, Laffel L, et al.: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group. The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1378-83.
  • Reddy N, Verma N, Dungan K. Monitoring technologies—Continuous glucose monitoring, mobile technology, biomarkers of glycemic control. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al, eds. Endotext [Internet]. MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Updated July 8, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279046/ access date 21.02.2025.
  • Peters AL, Ahmann AJ, Battelino T, et al. Diabetes technology—Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and continuous glucose monitoring in adults: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:3922-37.
  • Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, et al. International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1631-40.
  • Vigersky R, Shrivastav M. Role of continuous glucose monitoring for type 2 in diabetes management and research. J Diabetes Complications. 2017;31:280-7.
  • Beck RW, Riddlesworth T, Ruedy K, et al. Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes using insulin injections: the DIAMOND randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;317:371-8.
  • Ida S, Kaneko R, Murata K. Utility of real-time and retrospective continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:4684815.
  • Seidu S, Kunutsor SK, Ajjan RA, Choudhary P. Efficacy and safety of continuous glucose monitoring and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional evidence. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:169-79.
  • Jancev M, Vissers TACM, Visseren FLJ, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2024;67:798-810.
  • Perez-Guzman MC, Shang T, Zhang JY, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36:240-55.
  • Perez-Guzman MC, Duggan E, Gibanica S, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in the operating room and cardiac intensive care unit. Diabetes Care. 2021;44:e50-2.
  • Chow KW, Kelly DJ, Rieff MC, et al. Outcomes and healthcare provider perceptions of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021;15:607-14.
  • Metin O, Ünal Ş. Content analysis technique: Its use in doctoral theses in communication sciences and sociology. Anadolu University Social Sciences Journal. 2022;22:273-94.
  • Richardson R. Do metrics of temporal glycemic variability reveal abnormal glucose rates of change in type 1 diabetes? J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2024 Nov 11. doi: 10.1177/19322968241298248 [Epub ahead of print].
  • Voglová Hagerf B, Protus M, Nemetova L, et al. Accuracy and feasibility of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in critically ill patients after abdominal surgery and solid organ transplantation. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:956-63.
  • Nagl K, Berger G, Aberer F, et al. Performance of three different continuous glucose monitoring systems in children with type 1 diabetes during a diabetes summer camp. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021;22:271-8.
  • Sato J, Hirose T, Watada H. Continuous glucose monitoring system: Is it really accurate, safe and clinically useful? J Diabetes Investig. 2012;3:225-30.
  • Dávila-Ruales V, Gilón LF, Gómez AM, et al. Evaluating the precision and reliability of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems in ambulatory settings: a systematic review. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2024;15:20420188241304459.
  • Kovatchev BP, Patek SD, Ortiz EA, Breton MD. Assessing sensor accuracy for non-adjunct use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015;17:177-86.
  • Aberer F, Hajnsek M, Rumpler M, et al. Evaluation of subcutaneous glucose monitoring systems under routine environmental conditions in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19:1051-5.
  • Helton KL, Ratner BD, Wisniewski NA. Biomechanics of the sensor-tissue interface—effects of motion, pressure, and design on sensor performance and foreign body response—Part I: Theoretical framework. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011;5:632-46.
  • Idi E, Prendin F, Facchinetti A, et al. Detection of compression artifacts in time series data from continuous glucose monitoring sensors using matched filters. 19th International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN), 4–7 October 2023. Cambridge, UK., 1-4.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). FreeStyle Libre for glucose monitoring (Medtech innovation briefing MIB110). Published September 29, 2017. https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/mib110/resources/freestyle-libre-for-glucose-monitoring-pdf-2285963268047557 access date 21.02.2025.
  • Lindner N, Kuwabara A, Holt T. Non-invasive and minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of hypoglycemia detection. Syst Rev. 2021;10:145.
  • McGarraugh G, Bergenstal R. Detection of hypoglycemia with continuous interstitial and traditional blood glucose monitoring using the FreeStyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11:145-50.
  • Shivers JP, Mackowiak L, Anhalt H, Zisser H. "Turn it off!": Diabetes device alarm fatigue considerations for the present and the future. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013;7:1789-94.
  • Oriot P, Ponchon M, Weber E, et al. Benefits and limitations of hypo/hyperglycemic alarms associated with continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Epidemiol Manag. 2023;9:100125.
  • Berg AK, Olsen BS, Thyssen JP, et al. High frequencies of dermatological complications in children using insulin pumps or sensors. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19:733-40.
  • Lombardo F, Bombaci B, Alibrandi A, et al. The impact of insulin-induced lipodystrophy on glycemic variability in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Children (Basel). 2022;9:1087.
  • Rigo RS, Levin LE, Belsito DV, et al. Cutaneous reactions to continuous glucose monitoring and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion devices in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021;15:786-91.
  • Messer LH, Tanenbaum ML, Cook PF, et al. Cost, hassle, and on-body experience: Barriers to diabetes device use in adolescents and potential intervention targets. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020;22:760-7.
  • Tanenbaum ML, Adams RN, Hanes SJ, et al. Optimal use of diabetes devices: clinician perspectives on barriers and adherence to device use. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2017;11:484-92.
  • Wan W, Skandari MR, Minc A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring for adults with type 1 diabetes compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose: the DIAMOND randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:1227-34.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Diabetes Management: A Qualitative Analysis Based on User Experiences

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 491 - 499, 09.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1645581

Öz

Aim: Continuous glucose monitoring systems are widely employed in diabetes management to improve blood glucose control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. These technologies enable real-time monitoring of glucose levels, thereby optimizing treatment processes. However, user-based data regarding the effectiveness and usability challenges of continuous glucose monitoring systems remain limited. This study aims to analyze the experiences of individuals using continuous glucose monitoring systems by examining the role of these devices in diabetes management, their advantages, and the issues encountered.
Material and Method: A total of 193 user comments collected from Reddit, YouTube, and Şikayetvar platforms were evaluated through content analysis.
Results: The results indicate that continuous glucose monitoring systems enhance users’ quality of life, facilitate glucose tracking, and contribute positively to hypoglycemia management. Nevertheless, technical and design-related issues—such as fluctuations in sensor accuracy, connectivity problems, high costs, and skin irritations—were frequently reported. In particular, false hypoglycemia alarm notifications were found to be especially bothersome.
Conclusion: Users call for improvements in calibration procedures, the development of customizable alarm systems, and the provision of longer-lasting, cost-effective sensors. The findings offer valuable feedback for enhancing continuous glucose monitoring systems and provide recommendations for manufacturers and healthcare professionals to optimize the use of this technology in diabetes management. Future research should focus on more comprehensive studies to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring systems.

Etik Beyan

Ethics Committee approval is not required. This study is based solely on publicly available user-generated content obtained from open-access online platforms (Reddit, YouTube, and Şikayetvar). No personal, identifiable, or sensitive information was collected, and no direct interaction with human subjects occurred. Therefore, the study does not meet the criteria requiring ethical approval, in line with standard research ethics guidelines for secondary qualitative data analysis.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. Diabetes. Published 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes access date 21.02.2025.
  • Seuring T, Archangelidi O, Suhrcke M. The economic costs of type 2 diabetes: a global systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33:811-31.
  • Eroğlu N. Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring for the prevention of diabetes complications. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Journal of Health Sciences. 2019;4:31-3.
  • Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (TEMD). Guideline for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diabetes mellitus and its complications – 2022. In: Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, eds. Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines. Ankara: Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism Publications; 2022;1-356.
  • Deiss D, Bolinder J, Riveline JP, et al. Improved glycemic control in poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes using real-time continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2730-2.
  • Heinemann L. Finger pricking and pain: a never-ending story. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2:919-21.
  • Klonoff DC, Ahn D, Drincic A. Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of the technology and clinical use. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;133:178-92.
  • Beck RW, Hirsch IB, Laffel L, et al.: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group. The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1378-83.
  • Reddy N, Verma N, Dungan K. Monitoring technologies—Continuous glucose monitoring, mobile technology, biomarkers of glycemic control. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al, eds. Endotext [Internet]. MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Updated July 8, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279046/ access date 21.02.2025.
  • Peters AL, Ahmann AJ, Battelino T, et al. Diabetes technology—Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and continuous glucose monitoring in adults: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:3922-37.
  • Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, et al. International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1631-40.
  • Vigersky R, Shrivastav M. Role of continuous glucose monitoring for type 2 in diabetes management and research. J Diabetes Complications. 2017;31:280-7.
  • Beck RW, Riddlesworth T, Ruedy K, et al. Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes using insulin injections: the DIAMOND randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;317:371-8.
  • Ida S, Kaneko R, Murata K. Utility of real-time and retrospective continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:4684815.
  • Seidu S, Kunutsor SK, Ajjan RA, Choudhary P. Efficacy and safety of continuous glucose monitoring and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional evidence. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:169-79.
  • Jancev M, Vissers TACM, Visseren FLJ, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2024;67:798-810.
  • Perez-Guzman MC, Shang T, Zhang JY, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36:240-55.
  • Perez-Guzman MC, Duggan E, Gibanica S, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in the operating room and cardiac intensive care unit. Diabetes Care. 2021;44:e50-2.
  • Chow KW, Kelly DJ, Rieff MC, et al. Outcomes and healthcare provider perceptions of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021;15:607-14.
  • Metin O, Ünal Ş. Content analysis technique: Its use in doctoral theses in communication sciences and sociology. Anadolu University Social Sciences Journal. 2022;22:273-94.
  • Richardson R. Do metrics of temporal glycemic variability reveal abnormal glucose rates of change in type 1 diabetes? J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2024 Nov 11. doi: 10.1177/19322968241298248 [Epub ahead of print].
  • Voglová Hagerf B, Protus M, Nemetova L, et al. Accuracy and feasibility of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in critically ill patients after abdominal surgery and solid organ transplantation. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:956-63.
  • Nagl K, Berger G, Aberer F, et al. Performance of three different continuous glucose monitoring systems in children with type 1 diabetes during a diabetes summer camp. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021;22:271-8.
  • Sato J, Hirose T, Watada H. Continuous glucose monitoring system: Is it really accurate, safe and clinically useful? J Diabetes Investig. 2012;3:225-30.
  • Dávila-Ruales V, Gilón LF, Gómez AM, et al. Evaluating the precision and reliability of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems in ambulatory settings: a systematic review. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2024;15:20420188241304459.
  • Kovatchev BP, Patek SD, Ortiz EA, Breton MD. Assessing sensor accuracy for non-adjunct use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015;17:177-86.
  • Aberer F, Hajnsek M, Rumpler M, et al. Evaluation of subcutaneous glucose monitoring systems under routine environmental conditions in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19:1051-5.
  • Helton KL, Ratner BD, Wisniewski NA. Biomechanics of the sensor-tissue interface—effects of motion, pressure, and design on sensor performance and foreign body response—Part I: Theoretical framework. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011;5:632-46.
  • Idi E, Prendin F, Facchinetti A, et al. Detection of compression artifacts in time series data from continuous glucose monitoring sensors using matched filters. 19th International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN), 4–7 October 2023. Cambridge, UK., 1-4.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). FreeStyle Libre for glucose monitoring (Medtech innovation briefing MIB110). Published September 29, 2017. https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/mib110/resources/freestyle-libre-for-glucose-monitoring-pdf-2285963268047557 access date 21.02.2025.
  • Lindner N, Kuwabara A, Holt T. Non-invasive and minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of hypoglycemia detection. Syst Rev. 2021;10:145.
  • McGarraugh G, Bergenstal R. Detection of hypoglycemia with continuous interstitial and traditional blood glucose monitoring using the FreeStyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11:145-50.
  • Shivers JP, Mackowiak L, Anhalt H, Zisser H. "Turn it off!": Diabetes device alarm fatigue considerations for the present and the future. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013;7:1789-94.
  • Oriot P, Ponchon M, Weber E, et al. Benefits and limitations of hypo/hyperglycemic alarms associated with continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Epidemiol Manag. 2023;9:100125.
  • Berg AK, Olsen BS, Thyssen JP, et al. High frequencies of dermatological complications in children using insulin pumps or sensors. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19:733-40.
  • Lombardo F, Bombaci B, Alibrandi A, et al. The impact of insulin-induced lipodystrophy on glycemic variability in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Children (Basel). 2022;9:1087.
  • Rigo RS, Levin LE, Belsito DV, et al. Cutaneous reactions to continuous glucose monitoring and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion devices in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021;15:786-91.
  • Messer LH, Tanenbaum ML, Cook PF, et al. Cost, hassle, and on-body experience: Barriers to diabetes device use in adolescents and potential intervention targets. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020;22:760-7.
  • Tanenbaum ML, Adams RN, Hanes SJ, et al. Optimal use of diabetes devices: clinician perspectives on barriers and adherence to device use. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2017;11:484-92.
  • Wan W, Skandari MR, Minc A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring for adults with type 1 diabetes compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose: the DIAMOND randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:1227-34.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik Esasları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ayten Kaya 0000-0002-7684-3675

Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Kaya A. Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Diabetes Management: A Qualitative Analysis Based on User Experiences. Med Records. Mayıs 2025;7(2):491-499. doi:10.37990/medr.1645581

Chief Editors
Prof. Dr. Berkant Özpolat, MD
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ufuk University, Dr. Rıdvan Ege Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye

Editors
Prof. Dr. Sercan Okutucu, MD
Department of Cardiology, Ankara Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Süleyman Cebeci, MD
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye

Field Editors
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Doğan Öztürk, MD
Department of General Surgery, Manisa Özel Sarıkız Hospital, Manisa, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Birsen Doğanay, MD
Department of Cardiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sonay Aydın, MD
Department of Radiology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Türkiye

Language Editors
PhD, Dr. Evin Mise
Department of Work Psychology, Ankara University, Ayaş Vocational School, Ankara, Türkiye

Dt. Çise Nazım
Department of Periodontology, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoğlu State Hospital, Lefkoşa, North Cyprus

Statistics Editor
Dr. Nurbanu Bursa, PhD
Department of Statistics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Ankara, Türkiye

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