Gilaburu (Viburnum Opulus L.) Meyve Ekstraktının Diyabetik Sıçanlarda Dalak Histofizyolojisi Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Giriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) ekstraktının diyabetin dalak dokusu üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine karşı koruyucu ve tedavi edici potansiyelini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Deneysel çalışmada sıçanlar kontrol, diyabet ve tedavi grupları olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Diyabet ve tedavi gruplarına 50 mg/kg streptozotosin uygulandı. Ek olarak, tedavi grubuna 200 mg/kg gilaburu ekstresi uygulandı. Hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi ve dalak dokuları histopatolojik analiz için ayrıldı. Dokular Hematoksilen-Eozin ve Masson trikrom boyama yöntemleri ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Diyabet grubunda dalak dokusunda beyaz pulpa atrofisi ve kırmızı pulpada aktivasyon artışı gözlenirken, Gilaburu tedavi grubunda anlamlı olarak iyileşme gözlendi. Masson trikrom boyamada, bağ dokusundaki fibrozis miktarının azaldığı ve doku yapısının iyileştiği gözlendi. Sonuç: Gilaburu ekstresinin dalak dokusunda diyabetin neden olduğu histopatolojik değişikliklere karşı koruyucu ve iyileştirici etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler gilaburu ekstresinin diğer bitkisel tedavi yöntemlerine benzer olumlu etkiler sağladığını düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışma, diyabete bağlı organ hasarına karşı bitkisel tedavi yaklaşımlarının potansiyel olumlu etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Viburnum
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Dalak

Effects of Viburnum Opulus L. Fruit Extract on Spleen Histopathology in Diabetic Rats

Öz

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic potential of guelder rose (GR) extract against adverse effects of diabetes on spleen tissue in this research. Material and Method: Animals were divided into three groups: control, diabetes and treatment groups. Diabetes and treatment groups were induced with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). In addition, the treatment group received 200 mg/kg of GR extract. Animals were sacrificed and spleen tissues were separated for histopathologic analysis. The tissues were evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome staining methods. Results: It was confirmed histologically that diabetic rats developed a decrease in white pulp volume and red pulp hyperactivity in the spleen, but these degenerative processes regressed in individuals given GR extract. Masson trichrome staining showed that the amount of fibrosis in the connective tissue decreased and the tissue structure improved. Conclusion: It was determined that GR extract has protective and healing effects against histopathological changes caused by diabetes in the spleen tissue. The obtained data suggest that GR extract provides similar positive effects to other herbal treatment methods. This study demonstrates the potential positive effects of herbal therapeutic approaches against organ damage due to diabetes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Viburnum
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Spleen

Kaynakça

1. Tian C, Wang Y, Chang H, et al. Spleen‐Kidney Supplementing Formula Alleviates Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Rats via TGF‐β1‐miR‐21‐PTEN Signaling Pathway. eCAM. 2018;2018(1):3824357. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3824357
2. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.
3. Weir GC, Gaglia J, Bonner‐Weir S. Inadequate β-cell mass is essential for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(3):249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30022-X
4. Keane KN, Cruzat VF, Carlessi R, et al. Molecular events linking oxidative stress and inflammation to insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015(1):181643. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/181643
5. Hanchang W, Wongmanee N, Yoopum S, Rojanaverawong W. Protective role of hesperidin against diabetes induced spleen damage: mechanism associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. J Food Biochem. 2022;46(12):e14444. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.14444
6. Volpe CMO, Villar-Delfino PH, Dos Anjos PMF, Nogueira-Machado JA. Cellular death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diabetic complications. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(2):119. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-017-0135-z
7. Kajszczak D, Zakłos-Szyda M, Podsędek AJ. Viburnum opulus L.—A review of phytochemistry and biological effects. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113398
8. Juhnevica-Radenkova K, Krasnova I, Seglina D, et al. Scrutinizing the antimicrobial and antioxidant potency of European cranberry bush (Viburnum opulus L.) extracts. Horticulturae. 2024;10(4):367. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10040367

9. Zakłos-Szyda M, Kowalska-Baron A, Pietrzyk N, et al. Evaluation of Viburnum opulus L. fruit phenolics cytoprotective potential on insulinoma MIN6 cells relevant for diabetes mellitus and obesity. Antioxidants. 2020;9(5):433. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050433
10. Kajszczak D, Kowalska-Baron A, Sosnowska D, Podsędek AJ. In vitro inhibitory effects of Viburnum opulus bark and flower extracts on digestion of potato starch and carbohydrate hydrolases activity. Molecules. 2022;27(10):3118. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103118
11. Mebius RE, Kraal G. Structure and function of the spleen. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(8):606-616. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1669
12. Ghosh S, Chowdhury S, Sarkar P, Sil PC. Ameliorative role of ferulic acid against diabetes associated oxidative stress induced spleen damage. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;118:272-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.029
13. Wang M, Xiong Y, Zhu W, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy ameliorates diabetes-related spleen damage by improving oxidative stress status in diabetic obese rats. Obesity Surgery. 2021;31:1183-1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05073-3
14. Demircioğlu M, Dörtbudak MB. Protective effect of Gundelia tournefortii extract on spleen tissue in experimental type I diabetes in rats. JOMDI. 2023;4:e230339. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230339
15. Wu Y, Jia G, Wang B, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 1 ameliorates diabetes-induced splenomegaly via suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. BBRC. 2020;528(2):249-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.145
16. Said HM, Abdelaziz HO, Abd Elhaliem NG, Elsherif SA. A comparative study between ginger and Echinacea possible effect on the albino rat spleen of experimentally induced diabetes. Egypt J Histol. 2020;43(3):763-776. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejh.2019.16107.1156
17. Tulsiani DR, Touster OJ. Thymus involution and inhibition of spleen growth accompanies streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats; possible relationship of these changes to the elevated hydrolase levels in diabetic plasma. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1981;208(1):59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(81)90123-5
18. Khayal EE-S, Alabiad MA, Elkholy MR, et al. The immune modulatory role of marjoram extract on imidacloprid induced toxic effects in thymus and spleen of adult rats. Toxicology. 2022;471:153174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2022.153174
19. Ebaid H, Al-Tamimi J, Metwalli A, et al. Effect of STZ-induced diabetes on spleen of rats: improvement by camel whey proteins. Pakistan J Zool. 2015;47(4):1109-1116.
20. Ozdemir O, Akalin PP, Baspinar N, Hatipoglu F. Pathological changes in the acute phase of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2009;53(4):783-790.
21. Salama WM, El-Naggar SA, Tabl GA-E, et al. Treatment with Leiurus quinquestratus scorpion venom ameliorates the histopathological changes of type-2 diabetic rats’ splenic tissues. J Biosci Appl. res. 2023;9(4):356-365. https://doi.org/10.21608/jbaar.2023.332608
22. Kolling J, Kolling J, Franceschi ID, et al. Resveratrol and resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex recovered the changes of creatine kinase and Na+,K+-ATPase activities found in the spleen from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Anais Acad Brasil Ci. 2019;91(3):e20181330. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920181330
23. Elghazaly M, Tabl G, El-Aziz A, et al. Modulatory effect of Origanum majorana leaves extract against diabetic induced changes in spleen of adult rats. Biol Biomed J. 2024;2(1):36-42. https://doi.org/10.21608/bbj.2023.245219.1011
24. Vijayalakshmi K, Selvaraj CI. Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arn. using alloxan-induced diabetic murine model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2019;187:14-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2798-z