Türkiye’deki Gazetelerde Yer Alan Ebelik Ve Doğurganlığa İlişkin Haberlerin İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Türkiye’deki gazetelerde yer alan ebelik ve doğurganlık ile ilgili haberlerin içerik analizini yapmak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.
Materyal ve Metot Retrospektif tanımlayıcı türde olan bu araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’de en yüksek tiraja sahip dokuz gazetenin internet ortamında ulaşılabilen haberleri oluşturdu. Veriler, araştırma kapsamına alınan gazete haberlerinden, belirlenen anahtar kelimeler (anne, anne sütü, bebek, doğum, ebe, ebelik, emzirme, gebe, gebelik, hamilelik, lohusa, yenidoğan) ile yapılan tarama sonucunda elde edildi Elde edilen veriler araştırmacılar tarafından ‘Haber Değerlendirme Formu’na kaydedildi. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede; yüzdelik dağılım, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma kullanıldı.
Bulgular: İncelenen haberler sırasıyla en fazla % 27.8 ile Gazete 4, %24.7 ile Gazete 6, %11.1 ile Gazete 1’den elde edilmiştir. Haberlerin; %9.5’inin manşet, %1.6’inin sürmanşette yer aldığı, %72.5’inde konuya uygun görselin olduğu, %67.1’inin ise aktüel haber niteliği taşıdığı belirlendi. Haberlerin sadece %28.5’inin sağlık çalışanları tarafından yazıldığı, %55.4’ünde ebelere ait özel günlerin konu edildiği ve %63.9’unun yazı içeriğine ilişkin kaynağının belirtilmediği saptandı. Haberlerin; %49.4’ünün başlığının olumlu etki olarak algılandığı ve %33.9’unun gebe-gebelik-hamile-hamilelik kelimelerine ilişkin başlık içerdiği saptandı. Gazetelerdeki haber içeriklerinde en sık fiziksel durum ve/veya problem (%22.5) konularının ele alındığı belirlendi.
Sonuç: Elde edilen haberlerin genellikle güncel durum vermeye yönelik, bilgilendirici haber niteliğinde olduğu ve çok az bir kısmının sağlık çalışanları tarafından ele alındığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca gazetelerin yarıdan fazlasında ebelere ait özel günlere ilişkin haberlerin yer aldığı, haberlerin sadece üçte birinin yazı içeriğine ilişkin kaynağının belirtildiği, yaklaşık yarısının olumlu haber niteliğinde olduğu ve en sık gebe-gebelik-hamile-hamilelik anahtar kelimelerine ilişkin haberlerin kaleme alındığı belirlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anne
• Doğurganlık
• Ebe
• Gazete
• Kadın

Review on News About Midwifery and Fertility Covered on Newspapers in Turkey

Abstract

Aim: This research was conducted with the purpose of making content analysis of the news about midwifery and fertility covered on newspapers in Turkey.
Material and Method: Population of this retrospective descriptive study consisted of news of nine newspapers with the highest circulation in Turkey which were accessible on the internet.The data was obtained from the newspaper news that were included in the scope of the research as a result of review using the determined keywords (mother, breast milk, baby, birth, midwife, midwifery, breastfeeding, pregnant, gestation, pregnancy, postpartum, newborn).The data obtained was recorded on the ‘News Evaluation Form’ by the researchers.Percentage distribution,arithmetic average and standard deviation were used in the statistical evaluation.
Results:Highest percentage of reviewed news were obtained from Newspaper 4 by 27.8%, Newspaper 6 by 24.7% and Newspaper 1 by 11.1% respectively.It was determined that 9.5% of the news were in the headline,1.6% were in subheading,72.5% had appropriate picture and 67.1% were of newsworthy.It was determined that only 28.5% of the news were written by healthcare professionals, 55.4% covered special days for midwives and 63.9% did not include the source of the article.It was determined that titles of 49.4% of the news were perceived as positive impact and 33.9% contained titles in relation to pregnant-pregnancy words.It was determined that physical status and/or problem (22.5%) matters were discussed most frequently in the contents of newspaper news.
Conclusion:It was determined that the news obtained were intended for giving updated status, of informative news quality in general and a very few of them were discussed by healthcare professionals.In addition, it was determined that more than half of the newspapers covered news of special days for midwives,only one third of the news contained the source for the article, approximately half of them were positive news and news regarding pregnant-pregnancy keywords were written most frequently.

Keywords

• Mother
• Fertility
• Midwife
• Newspaper
• Woman

Kaynakça

1. Reference 1: Koçak A, Bulduklu Y. Health Communication: Motivations of Elderly People to Watch Health Programs Broadcasted on Television. Selcuk University Faculty of Communication Academic Journal. 2010; 6 (3), 5-17.
2. Reference 2. Rimal RN, Lapinski MK. Why health communication is important in public health. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(4):247-47a.
3. Reference 3. Redmond N, Baer HJ, Clark CR, et. al. “Sources of Health Information Related to Preventive Health Behaviors in a National Study”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2010; 38(6), 620–627.
4. Reference 4. Song H, Omori K, Kim J, et. al. Trusting social media as a source of health information: Online surveys comparing the United States, Korea, and Hong Kong. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016; 18, e25. doi:10.2196/jmir.4193.
5. Reference 5. Özbaş S, Özkan S. The use and effect of media in improving women's health. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2010; 9 (5), 541-546.
6. Reference 6. Aktaş S. Effects of Media on Women's Aesthetics and Role of Midwife, Anadolu Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2014; 17: 3.
7. Reference 7. Dahlberg U, Aune I. The woman's birth experience. The effect of interpersonal relationships and continuity of care. Midwifery, 2013; 29 (4), 407-415.
8. Reference 8. Tezbaşaran İY. Legal responsibilities of midwives. Medical academy. 2016. Access: https://www.medikalakademi.com.tr/ebelerin-yasal-sorumluluklari/Dateof Access: 01.07.2018

9. Reference 9. Yörük S. "Development of Education Program for Primary Care Practice Skills of Balıkesir University Health School Midwifery Department 4th Grade Students", Dokuz Eylül University Health Sciences Institute, (Unpublished Doctorate Thesis), İzmir, 2011, p. 9.
10. Reference 10. Bick D. Media portrayal of birth and the consequences of misinformation. Midwifery. 2010; 26 (2):147–148.
11. Reference 11. Hundley V, Luce A, van Teijlingen E. Do midwives need to be more media savvy? MIDIRS Midwifery Digest. 2015; 25 (1):5–10.
12. Reference 12. McIntyre MJ, Francis K, Chapman Y. Shaping public opinion on the issue of childbirth; a critical analysis of articles published in an Australian newspaper. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011; 11 (1):47.
13. Reference 13. WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
14. Reference 14. Kızılca Çakaloz D. and Çoban A. The Role of Midwife in Reducing Cesarean Deliveries, Archive Source Review Journal, 2019; 28 (1): 51-59.
15. Reference 15. https://bik.gov.tr/kurumsal/genel-mudurluk/genel-mudur/ Date of Access: 15.05.2020
16. Reference 16. https://www.gazeteoku.com/ Date of Access: 15.05.2020
17. Reference 17. http://www.tdk.gov.tr/ Date of Access: 15.05.2020
18. Reference 18. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Date of Access: 15.05.2020
19. Reference 19. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_s%C3%BCt%C3%BC / Access Date: 16.05.2020
20. Reference 20. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emzirme/ Date of Access: 16.05.2020
21. Reference 21. Demiray A. "Representation of Violence Against Women in Newspaper News and Patriarchal Ideology (Sample of Cumhuriyet, Zaman, Hürriyet, Posta Newspapers)" Mersin University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Women's Studies, 2014, p. 14-17.
22. Reference 22. Damlapinar Z, Işik U. Health Content Press News and Approach to Children: A Content Analysis. Gümüşhane University Communication Faculty Electronic Journal. 2017;5,1.
23. Reference 23. Utma S. Reading Health News in the Media “Correctly”. Adnan Menderes University Atça Vocational School. International Journal of Social Science Doi number: http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS7072 Number: 57, p. 597-605, Summer / 2017
24. Reference 24. Çapar H, Çakmak C. Newspapers as a source of public health information: Analysis of health-related news. Journal of Health Scholars, 2019;6,1.
25. Reference 25. Türkoğlu N. From Communication Sciences to Cultural Studies, Social Communication. Definitions, Concepts, Discussions. 1st Edition. Istanbul: Babylon Publications; 2004. P. 19- 127.
26. Reference 26. Karakuş E. "Health News in Newspapers: Medicalization of Life, Individualization of Health and Woman in the Consumption Triangle". Dumlupınar University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, 2013, pp.66-70.
27. Reference 27. Avcı K, Avşar Z. Health Communication and New Media. Communication Theory and Research Journal, 2014, Issue: 39
28. Reference 28. Aktaş S. Influences of media on women’s aesthetics and the role of midwife. Anadolu Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2014; 17: 3.
29. Reference 29. Yavuz A, Küngerü A. Woman As Other: The Representation Of Woman In Newspapers. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 2017, ISSN: 2149-8598 Vol: 3, Issue: 16 pp.404-418.
30. Reference 30. Sutherland G, Easteal P, Holland K, et al. Mediated representations of violence against women in the mainstream news in Australia. BMC Public Health (2019);2-8.
31. Reference 31. UNESCO (1977) Media Studies in Education. Printed in the workshops of the UNESCO, Paris. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ımages/0002/000238/023803eo.pdf/ Erişim Tarihi: 04.01.2021.
32. Reference 32. Şengül H, Çınar F, Çapar H, et al. -Health Literacy Levels and Attitudes Towards Internet Use for Faculty of Health Sciences Students: An Example of Vakıf University. Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR) 2017 Vol: 4 Issue: 5 pp: 1277-1287.
33. Reference 33. Kumbasar B. Health News in Newspapers Published in Istanbul. Master's thesis. Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences, Communication Sciences Department. 2006.p: 73
34. Reference 34. Erden G, Akdur S. Violence and murders of women in domestic violence against women in Turkey. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018; 2 (3), 128-139.
35. Reference 35. Basmacı G. Women's Representation in Local Press. International Media Studies Congress. 20 to 23 April / April Antalya -Turkey. p: 623.
36. Reference 36. Cho K, Kim S, Woo Y. Analysis of Women's Health Online News Articles Using Topic Modeling. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. 2019;10(3):158−169.