Application the Beck Depression Test to Screen for Depressive Findings Before and After Treatment in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia and/or Vitamin D Deficiency

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 449 - 54, 18.09.2023

Cem Selim

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1259542

Öz

Aim: Depression, vitamin D deficiency, and anemia are significant global public health issues. Depression, loss of interest, and a lack of enjoyment are the main warning indicators. In this study, we aimed to compare the results of the Beck depression test before and after replacement therapy in patients with iron deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency and to show the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin D deficiency anemia and depression in patients.
Material and Methods: 139 patients with vitamin D deficiency and/or IDA who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of Dışkapı Hospital between March 2017 and September 2017 participated in the study. Patients with vitamin D deficiency and/or IDA were included in the study, and the Beck depression test (BDI) questionnaire was applied to these patients before and after their treatment. Then, the scores on these two questionnaires were compared. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 20.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.).
Results: All patients had Vitamin D deficiency, 59% (n=82) had both IDA and Vitamin D deficiency, and 41% had only Vitamin D deficiency. The mean follow-up time of the patients after treatment was 64.2±23.4 days. There was a significant decrease in BDI scores in both male patients (p=0.025) and female patients (p<0.001) after treatment compared to before.
Conclusion: In our study, it was shown that the risk of depression is high in patients with vitamin D deficiency and/or IDA, and depressive symptoms decreased after short-term replacement therapy with vitamin D and iron.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iron deficiency anemia, vitamın D deficiency, depression

Kaynakça

• Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. New Eng J Med. 2015;372:1832–43.
• Holick MF. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81:353-73.
• Eyles DW, Smith S, Kinobe R, et al. Distribution of the vitamin D receptor and 1α-hydroxylase in human brain. J Chem. 2005;29:21-30.
• Armstrong D, Meenagh GK, Bickle I, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:551-4.
• Ebrinç S. Innovations in the treatment of treatment-resistant unipolar depression. "JMOOD. 2013;3:51-3.
• Benton D, Donohoe RT. The effects of nutrients on mood. PHN. 1999;2:403-9.
• Lim SY, Kim EJ, Kim A, et al. Nutritional factors affecting mental health. Clin Nutr Res. 2016;5;143-52.
• Beck AT, Guth D, Streer RA, et al. Screening for major depression disorders in medical inpatients with the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care." Behav Res Ther. 1997;35:785-91.
• Kjærgaard, M, Waterloo K, Catherina EA, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplement on depression scores in people with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: nested case–control study and randomised clinical trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;201:360-8.
• Vahdat Shariatpanaahi M, Vahdat Shariatpanaahi Z, Moshtaaghi M, et al. The relationship between depression and serum ferritin level. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61:5325.
• World Health Organization. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005: WHO global database on anaemia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
• Chen MH, Su TP, Chen YS, et al. Association between psychiatric disorders and iron deficiency anemia among children and adolescents: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:161.
• Burhans MS, Dailey C, Beard Z, et al. Iron deficiency: differential effects on monoamine transporters. Nutr Neurosci. 2005;8:31–8.
• Gowda U, Mutowo MP, Smith BJ, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to reduce depression in adults: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2015;31:421–9.
• Lakhan SE, Viera KF. Nutritional therapies for mental disorders. Nutr J. 2008;7.
• Berk M, Sanders KM, Pasco JA, et al. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in depression. Med Hypotheses. 2007;69:1316–9.
• Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA. 1996;276:293–9.
• Murat S, Ali U, Serdal K, et al. Assessment of subjective sleep quality in iron deficiency anaemia. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15:621-7.
• Khalafallah AA, Dennis AE, Ogden K, et al. Three-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial of intravenous versus oral iron for anaemia in pregnancy. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000998.
• Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Phillips ML. Major depressive disorder: new clinical, neurobiological, and treatment perspectives. Lancet. 2012;379:1045-55.
• Månsson J, Johansson G, Wiklund M, et al. Symptom panorama in upper secondary school students and symptoms related to iron deficiency. Screening with laboratory tests, questionnaire and interventional treatment with iron. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2005:23:28-33
• Pamuk GE, Uyanik MS, Top MS, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms are closely associated with depression in iron deficiency anemia: a comparative study. Ann Saudi Med. 2015;35:31-5.
• Onder G, Penninx BW, Cesari M, et al. Anemia is associated with depression in older adults: results from the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60:1168-72.
• Son SJ, Lee KS, Na DL, et al. Anemia associated with depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment with severe white matter hyperintensities. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2011;24:161–7.
• Stewart R, Hirani V. Relationship between depressive symptoms, anemia, and iron status in older residents from a national survey population. Psychosom Med. 2012;74:208-13.
• Moy FM, Hoe VC, Hairi NN, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and depression among women from an urban community in a tropical country. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20:1844-50.
• Spedding S. Vitamin D and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing studies with and without biological flaws. Nutrients. 2014;6:1501-18.
• Parker GB, Brotchie H, Graham RK. Vitamin D and depression. J Affect Disord. 2017;208:56-61.
• Sepehrmanesh Z, Kolahdooz F, Abedi F, et al. Vitamin D supplementation affects the beck depression inventory, insulin resistance, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with major depressive disorder. A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr. 2016;146:243-8.
• Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Nabizade L, Yassini-Ardakani SM, et al. The effect of 2 different single injections of high dose of vitamin D on improving the depression in depressed patients with vitamin D deficiency. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33:378-85.