Kombinasyon ve Zorunlu Göç: Türkiye'deki Suriyeli Göçmenler Üzerine Toplumsal Çoğulluk Teorisi Bağlamında Bir Analiz

Öz

Göç çalışmalarında asimilasyon ve entegrasyon gibi geleneksel paradigmalar, göçmenleri pasif alıcılar veya politikaların edilgen nesneleri olarak görerek, onların kimliklerini korurken toplumları dönüştürme biçimlerini ve ortaya çıkan çift yönlü, dinamik kültürel değişimi açıklamada yetersiz kalır. Bu çalışma, geleneksel çerçevelerin sınırlılıklarına meydan okuyarak, Justin Rosenberg’in Toplumsal Çoğulluk Teorisi (TÇT) ve "kombinasyon" kavramından yararlanarak, kültürel melezleşmeyi göç süreçlerini anlamak için merkezi bir analitik kavram olarak önermektedir. Türkiye’deki zorunlu Suriyeli göçü vakasını inceleyen çalışma, melezleşmenin, TÇT’nin öngördüğü etkileşimden doğan kombinasyon olarak, göçmenlerin ve ev sahibi toplumun karşılıklı etkileşimlerle yeni kültürel, sosyal ve ekonomik formları nasıl birlikte oluşturduklarını analiz eder. Nitel verilere dayanarak, Suriyeli göçmenlerin mutfak, müzik, dil ve gündelik normlar gibi çeşitli alanlarda belirgin melez kültürel örüntüler geliştirdiği ve bu süreçlerin Türk toplumunu da belirli ölçülerde ve şekillerde etkilediği ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca ekonomik koşullar, yasal statünün belirsizliği ve dini farklılıklar gibi kombinasyon süeçlerini şekillendiren temel faktörleri de incelemektedir. Melezleşmenin küresel bir dinamik olduğunu göstermek için, Almanya, ABD ve İngiltere gibi farklı küresel göç bağlamları ile karşılaştırmalı analiz sunulmaktadır. Nihayetinde makale, melezleşme perspektifinin göçmen failliğini, karşılıklı dönüşümü ve kültürel sentezi daha iyi kavrayarak göç teorisini zenginleştirdiğini ve 21. yüzyılın karmaşık göç gerçekleriyle daha uyumlu, etkili politika çerçeveleri geliştirmek için zemin sunduğunu savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Melezleşme
• Toplumsal Çoğulluk Teorisi (TÇT)
• Kombinasyon
• Suriye Göçü
• Göçmen Failliği

Combination and Forced Migration: An Analysis on Syrian Migrants in Turkey in the Context of Societal Multiplicity Theory

Öz

Conventional theoretical frameworks in migration studies, such as assimilation and integration, see migrants as passive agents of policies, failing to account for the ways in which they transform societies while retaining their identities and the bidirectional, dynamic cultural change that occurs. Challenging the limitations of traditional frameworks, this paper proposes cultural hybridisation as a central analytical concept for understanding migration processes, drawing on Justin Rosenberg's Societal Multiplicity Theory (SMT) and the concept of ‘combination’. Examining the case of forced Syrian migration in Turkey, the study analyses how hybridisation, as the combination arising from the interaction envisaged by the SMT, is how migrants and the host society co-create new cultural, social and economic forms through mutual interactions. Based on qualitative data, it is revealed that Syrian migrants have developed distinct hybrid cultural patterns in various fields such as cuisine, music, language and everyday norms, and that these processes have also affected Turkish society to certain extent and in certain ways. The study also examines the key factors shaping the processes of combination, such as economic conditions, uncertainty of legal status and religious differences. Comparative analysis with different global migration contexts such as Germany, the US and the UK is presented to show that hybridisation is a global dynamic. Ultimately, the article argues that the hybridisation perspective enriches migration theory through a better understanding of migrant agency, mutual transformation and cultural synthesis, and provides grounds for developing effective policy frameworks that are more in tune with the complex migration realities of the 21st century.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hybridization
• Societal Multiplicity Theory (SMT)
• Combination
• Syrian Migration
• Migrant Agency

Kaynakça

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