Devlet Güvenliği ve Mülteciler: Lübnan Hükûmeti Tarafından “Tercihler Hiyerarşisi”nin İşlevselleştirilmesi

Öz

Bu makale, mültecilerle ve “mülteci militanların/teröristleri” kapsayan güvenlik uygulamalarıyla ilgili tartışmalara katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, radikalleşmiş veya gönüllü ya da gayriihtiyari şekilde militan gruplara katılmış Suriyeli mültecilerle ilgili tartışmaları mültecilere ev sahipliği yapan bir ülke olarak Lübnan’ın güvenlik çabaları çerçevesinde değerlendirmektedir. Yine bu makalede mülteci iken terör eylemlerine karışan Suriyeli mültecilerle ilgili Lübnan Hükûmetinin BM Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliğinin “tercihler hiyerarşisi” kararlarını işlevselleştirerek uyguladığı çeşitli tedbirler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Makalede; i terörün ev sahibi ülkeler üzerindeki etkisine ve bu ülkelerin mülteci hakları ile güvenlik amaçlı terörle mücadele çabalarını uzlaştırmada yaşanan ikilemlere yönelik farkındalığın arttırılması; ii Lübnan tarafından bu bağlamda gerçekleştirilen hususi politikaları ve müdahaleleri göstermek; ve iii bu konuda iç politik zorluklarla boğuşup bir de fazla sayıda mülteci barındırdıkları için sorunun yükünü taşıyan Orta Doğu ülkelerinde daha çok araştırma yapılması gerektiğini göstermek hedeflenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda; Lübnan’ın radikalleşme konusunu daha kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alması gerektiği, bilim adamlarının Doğu Akdeniz’deki ev sahibi devletlerin deneyimleri ışığında “tercihler hiyerarşi”ni yeniden ele almaları gerektiği ve mülteci yerleşimlerinde; devlet egemenliği, uluslararası güvenlik ve mültecilerin koruması konularını teminat altına almak üzere terörizmle mücadele bağlamında bir dizi tercih çerçevesi geliştirilmesi gerektiği dile getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mültecilerin Radikalleşmesi • Mülteci Radikalleşmesi • “Tercihler Hiyerarşisi” • DAEŞ • El Nusra Cephesi • Suriyeli mülteciler • Lübnan • Lübnan Silahlı Kuvvetleri • Mülteci hakları • Devlet egemenliği

State Security and Refugees: Operationalizing the “Ladder of Options” by the Government of Lebanon

Öz

This article attempts to contribute to the debate around the study of refugees and the security implications involving “refugee militants/terrorists.” It situates the debate within the context of Syrian refugees who have been radicalized or have voluntarily or involuntarily joined militant groups and Lebanon’s subsequent response policy as a host country. It tries to identify the various measures employed by the Government of Lebanon through the operationalization of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees “Ladder of Options” in managing security related issues involving Syrian refugees-turned-terrorists. It intends to i raise awareness of the impact of terrorism on host countries and their dilemmas in reconciling refugee rights and counterterrorism for security reasons; and ii illustrate specific policies and interventions made by Lebanon in this regard; and iii call for further studies on the subject in Middle Eastern countries grappling with internal political challenges at the same time as they are experiencing the huge burden of many refugees. The research suggests that Lebanon needs to address the issue of radicalization in a more comprehensive manner and that scholars need to re-examine the “Ladder of Options” in light of Levantine host States’ experiences and to develop a ladder of options framework for combating terrorism in post-emergency refugee settlements to safeguard State sovereignty, international security and refugee protection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Radicalization of refugees • Refugee Radicalization • “Ladder of Options” • ISIS • Al-Nusra Front • Syrian refugees • Lebanon • Lebanese Armed Forces • Refugee rights • State sovereignty

Kaynakça

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