Yunanistan Politik Söyleminde Tarihî Göç Deneyimleri: Politik Meşruiyet İncelemelerinde Eleştirel Söylem Analizi Kullanmak

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 161 - 181, 01.12.2017

Lena Karamanidou

https://doi.org/10.12738/mejrs.2017.2.2.0114

Öz

Göçlerin tarihi pek çok ulusal bağlamdaki aidiyet söylemi birikimiyle ve kolektif kimliklerin gelişimiyle bağlantılıdır. Ayrıca bunlar birçok ulusal bağlamdaki göç, sığınma ve entegrasyon politikalarını meşrulaştırmak üzere sıklıkla kullanılır. İktidar ilişkileri ve dışlanma dinamikleri ile doğal olarak ilgilenen metodolojik bir yaklaşım olarak Eleştirel Söylem Analizi, parlamento tartışmalarında geçmiş göç deneyimlerine yapılan referansların göç politikalarını meşrulaştırmak ya da meşrulaştırmamak üzere nasıl kullanıldığını anlamak için çok uygundur. Bu çalışmada ülke dışındaki Yunan mültecilerin ülkeye kabulü ve ülkeye göçün tarihinin ulusal kimliğin oluşmasında merkezî olduğu Yunanistan, vaka çalışması olarak ele alınmıştır. Göç ve sığınma konusunda sekiz farklı yasayla ilgili parlamentoda yapılan 20 tartışmanın analizini yaparak eski göç deneyimlerini hatırlamanın hem araçsal hem de ikircikli olduğunu savunuyorum. Farklı siyasi yönelimlerine rağmen bütün partiler, bunları önerilen politikaları meşrulaştırmak veya eleştirmek için kullanır. Bununla birlikte buradaki analiz, tarihî göç deneyimlerinin hem Yunanistan’a göç edenlerin hem de Yunanistan’dan göç edenlerin tecrübeleri arasındaki benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları oluşturmak için kullanıldıklarını gösteriyor. Dolayısıyla bunlar hem göçmenlerin dâhil edilmelerindeki hem de dışlanmalarındaki tartışmalarda kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca geçmiş göç deneyimlerinin hatırlanması hayali ulusal topluluğu yeniden üretir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç • Tarih • Politik söylem • Politika meşruiyeti • Yunanistan

Historical Experiences of Migration in Political Discourse in Greece: Using Critical Discourse Analysis to Explore Policy Legitimation

Öz

Histories of migration are connected to the development of collective identities and the articulation of discourses of belonging in many national contexts. They are also often employed in legitimating policies on migration, asylum and integration in many national contexts. Critical Discourse Analysis, as a methodological approach inherently concerned with relations of power and the dynamics of exclusion, is particularly suited to exploring how references to past experiences of migration are used in parliamentary debates to legitimate or delegitimate migration policies. Greece, a country where histories of emigration and reception of ethnically Greek refugees are central to constructions of national identity, is used as a case study. Drawing on the analysis of twenty parliamentary debates on eight different laws on migration and asylum, I argue that the invocation of past experiences of migration is both instrumental and ambivalent. All parties, regardless of their political orientation, employ them to either legitimate or critique proposed policies. However, the analysis shows that historical experiences of migration are used to create both narratives of similarity as well as difference between the experiences of immigrants to Greece and Greek emigrants. They are thus used to argue both for the inclusion and exclusion of migrants. In addition, invocations of past experiences of migration reproduce the imagined national community.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Migration • History • Political discourse • Policy legitimation • Greece

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• List of Documents Date December 11, 1996 December 12, 1996