Filistinli Mülteci Çocuklar: Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 5 - 18, 01.06.2018

Elizabeth Wehbe

https://doi.org/10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.1.0006

Öz

Suriye mülteci kriziyle ilgili bugünkü endişeler, çatışmalar sebebiyle yerinden edilmiş milyonlarca insanın geleceği için önemli neticeler barındırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, milyonlarca Filistinli mülteciye yönelik hâlâ araştırma eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Çocuklara ve ergenlere odaklanan bu literatür incelemesi, Filistinli mülteci çocuklara hasredilmiş araştırmaların izini sürerek konuya adanmış sosyolojik ve antropolojik çalışmalardaki eksikliği ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu eksikliği ortaya çıkartmak noktasındaki sorgulayıcı tutum, Filistinli mülteci sorununa yönelik kapsamlı ve hayati araştırmaların gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistinli mülteciler • Çocuklar • Gençler • UNRWA • Çocukluk çalışmaları • Ergenler

Palestinian Refugee Children: A Review of the Literature

Öz

The current scholarly preoccupation with the Syrian refugee crisis bears significant implications for the future of the millions currently displaced by the conflict. However, for millions of Palestinian refugees, a dearth in research nevertheless still exists. With children and adolescents as the focus, this literature review traces the trajectory of scholarship dedicated to Palestinian refugee children, thereby revealing a noteworthy scarcity in sociological and anthropological studies dedicated to the topic. The interrogative power in revealing this deficiency further highlights the necessity of comprehensive, vital research aimed at the Palestinian refugee situation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Palestinian refugees • Children • Youth • UNRWA • Childhood studies • Adolescents

Kaynakça

• Abu-Hein, F., El-Sarraj E., Qouta, S., & Thabet, A. (1993). Trauma and mental health of children in Gaza. British Medical Journal, 306(6885), 1130–1131.
• Abu-Helwa, M., & Birch, B. (1993). The demography and housing conditions of Palestinian refugees in and around the camps in Amman, Jordan. Journal of Refugee Studies, 6(4), 403–413.
• Afifi, W. A., Afifi, T. D., Robbins, S., & Nimah, N. (2013). The relative impacts of uncertainty and mothers’ communication on hopelessness among Palestinian refugee youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(4), 495–504.
• Al-Hroub, A. (2014). Perspectives of school dropouts’ dilemma in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: An ethnographic study. International Journal of Educational Development, 35, 53–66.
• Baker, A. M. (1990) The psychological impact of the Intifada on Palestinian children in the occupied West Bank and Gaza: An exploratory study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60(4), 496–505.
• Baker, A. M. (1991). Psychological response of Palestinian children to environmental stress associated with military occupation. Journal of Refugee Studies, 4(3), 237–247.
• Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008). The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience. International Review of Psychiatry, 20(3), 317–328.
• Boyden, J., & Hart, J. (2007). The statelessness of the worlds children. Children & Society, 21(4), 237– 248.
• Charles, L., & Denman, K. (2013). Syrian and Palestinian Syrian refugees in Lebanon: The plight of women and children. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 14(5), 96–111.
• Chatty, D. (2005). Theoretical and methodological challenges of studying refugee children in the Middle East and North Africa: Young Palestinian, Afghan and Sahrawi refugees. Journal of Refugee Studies, 18(4), 387–409.
• Chatty, D., & Hundt, G. L. (2005). Children of Palestine: Experiencing forced migration in the Middle East. New York, NY: Berghahn.
• Elbedour, S., Bastien, D., & Center, B. (1997). Identity formation in the shadow of conflict: Projective drawings by Palestinian and Israeli Arab children from the West Bank and Gaza. Journal of Peace Research, 34(2), 217–231.
• Elbedour, S., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Ghannam, J., Whitcome, J. A., & Hein, F. A. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among Gaza Strip adolescents in the wake of the Second Uprising (Intifada). Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(7), 719–729.
• Epstein, I., & DiNicola, V. (1997). Adolescent depression: diagnosis and treatment. Medicine North America: The Add-On. Journal of Continuing Medical Education, 20(5), 18–24.
• Fincham, K. (2014). Constructions, contradictions and reconfigurations of ‘manhood’ among youth in Palestinian camps in Lebanon. International Journal of Educational Development, 37, 48–56.
• Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1996). The effects of political violence on Palestinian children’s behavior problems: A risk accumulation model. Child Development, 67(1), 33–45.
• Gazit, S. (2001). Solving the refugee problem – An Israeli point of view. In J. Ginat & E. Perkins (Eds.), The Palestinian refugees: Old problems – new solutions (pp. 233–241). Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
• Hammad, S., & Albakri, T. (2007). The story of ‘popular achievement’ – A model of youth civic engagement in Palestine. In D. Magnuson & M. Baizerman (Eds.), Work with youth in divided and contested societies. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
• Hart, J. (2002). Children and nationalism in a Palestinian refugee camp in Jordan. Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, 9(1), 35–47.
• Hart, J. (2004). Beyond struggle and aid: Children’s identities in a Palestinian refugee camp in Jordan. In J. Boyden & J. De Berry (Eds.), Children and youth on the front line (pp. 167–188). New York, NY: Berghahn.
• Hart, J. (2007). Empowerment or frustration? Participatory programming with young Palestinians. Children Youth and Environments, 17(3), 1–23.
• Hart, J. (2008). Dislocated masculinity: Adolescence and the Palestinian nation-in-exile. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(1), 64–81.
• Hart, J., & Lo Forte, C. (2013). Mandated to fail? Humanitarian agencies and the protection of Palestinian children. Disasters, 37(4), 627–645.
• and positive resources among Palestinian adolescents: Trauma, child, and mothering characteristics.
• Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(7), 699–717.
• Ricks, T. M. (2006). In their own voices: Palestinian high school girls and their memories of the Intifadas and nonviolent resistance to Israeli occupation, 1987 to 2004. The National Women’s Studies Association Journal, 18(3), 88–103.
• Rosenfeld, M. (2002). Power Structure, Agency, and Family in a Palestinian Refugee Camp. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 34(3), 519–551.
• Rutter, M. (1985). Family and school influences on cognitive development. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 26(5), 683–704.
• Salman, E., Bastien, D., & Center, B. (1997). Identity formation in the shadow of conflict: Projective drawings by Palestinian and Israeli Arab children from the West Bank and Gaza. Journal of Peace Research, 34(2), 217–231.
• Srour, R. W., & Srour, A. (2006). Communal and familial war-related stress factors: The case of the Palestinian child. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 11(4), 289–309.
• Stel, N. (2015). ‘The children of the state’? How Palestinians from the Seven Villages negotiate sect, party and state in Lebanon. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 42(4), 538–557.
• Storsve, V., Westbye, I. A., & Ruud, E. (2010). Hope and recognition: A music project among youth in a Palestinian refugee camp. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 10(1). Retrieved from https:// voices.no/index.php/voices/article/view/158/246
• Summerfield, D. (2000). Conflict and health. War and mental health: A brief overview. British Medical Journal, 321(7255), 232–235.
• Summerfield, D. (2002). Education and debate. Effects of war: Moral knowledge, revenge, reconciliation, and medicalised concepts of ‘recovery’. British Medical Journal (International Edition), 321(7372), 1105–1107.
• Thabet, A. A., & Vostanis, P. (2000). Post traumatic stress disorder reactions in children of war: A longitudinal study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(2), 291–298.
• Thabet, A. M., Tischler, V., & Vostanis, P. (2004). Maltreatment and coping strategies among male adolescents living in the Gaza Strip. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(1), 77–91.
• United Nations Relief and Works Agency. (2015). FAQ. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Retrieved from https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/frequently- asked-questions
• United Nations. (1947, September). Report to the General Assembly (Report A/364) (UN Special Committee on Palestine). Lake Success, NY.
• United Nations. (1948, December). Resolution 194. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.
• United Nations. (2008). The question of Palestine and the United Nations. New York, NY: United Nations.
• United Nations. (2015). Secretary-General’s remarks at high-level meeting on migration and refugee flows. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2015-09-30/secretary-generals- remarks-high-level-meeting-migration-and-refugee
• Veronese, G., Castiglioni, M., Tombolani, M., & Said, M. (2012). ‘My happiness is the refugee camp, my future Palestine’: Optimism, life satisfaction and perceived happiness in a group of Palestinian children. Scandinavian Journal Of Caring Sciences, 26(3), 467–473.
• Watters, C. (2001). Emerging paradigms in the mental health care of refugees. Social Science & Medicine, 52(11), 1709–1718.
• Watters, C. (2008). Refugee children: Towards the next horizon. London, UK: Routledge.
• Werner, E. E. (1995). Resilience in development. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 4(3), 81–85.