A New Record for Propolis Substitute: Pruning Sealer

Abstract

Propolis is produced by honeybees from various secretions of the plants and is combined with digestive enzymes and wax. Factors such as plant content, climate, and location of propolis affect propolis content and its physical and chemical properties. Although honeybees are very selective when collecting propolis, some studies have shown that bees carry asphalt, paint and similar substances to the hive according to the location of the beehive. In this study, it has been observed that the propolis taken from on orchard in Ankara was light brown and red. After this observation, possible source of the propolis was investigated. As a result of the analysis, a total of 28 compounds were observed in propolis and four of them (decanol, homofuraneol, tetradecane, 2-phenylethanol) were derived from the pruning sealer that was applied to the trees located around the beehive.

Keywords

• Propolis,Pruning sealer,Chemical analysis

Kaynakça

1. [1] CHRISTOV, R; TRUSHEVA, B; POPOVA, M; BANKOVA, V; BERTRAND, M (2006) Chemical composition of propolis from Canada, its antiradical activity and plant origin. Natural product research, 20(06), 531-536.
2. [2] MACHADO, B ; PULCİNO, T N ; SİLVA, A L ; TADEU, D; MELO, R G S; MENDONÇA, I G (2017) Propolis as an alternative in prevention and control of dental cavity. Immunity, 19, 24.
3. [3] DUKE, C C; TRAN, V H; DUKE, R K; ABU-MELLAL, A; PLUNKETT, G T; KING, D I; ... BRUHL, J J; (2017) A sedge plant as the source of Kangaroo Island propolis rich in prenylated p-coumarate ester and stilbenes. Phytochemistry, 134, 87-97.
4. [4] TRAN, V H; DUKE, R K; ABU-MELLAL, A; DUKE, C C (2012) Propolis with high flavonoid content collected by honey bees from Acacia paradoxa. Phytochemistry, 81, 126-132.
5. [5] GHISALBERTI, E (1979) Propolis: a review. Bee world, 60(2): 59-84.
6. [6] SORKUN, K (2008) Türkiye'nin nektarlı bitkileri, polenleri ve balları.Palme Yayıncılık.
7. [7] REVILLA, I; VIVAR-QUINTANA, A M; GONZÁLEZ-MARTIN, I; ESCUREDO, O; SEİJO, C (2017) The potential of near infrared spectroscopy for determining the phenolic, antioxidant, color and bactericide characteristics of raw propolis. Microchemical Journal, 134, 211-217.
8. [8] KORKMAZ, A (2013) Anlaşılabilir Arıcılık. Samsun Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık İl Müdürlüğü Yayını

9. [9] DE CASTRO, S (2001) Propolis: biological and pharmacological activities. Therapeutic uses of this bee-product. Annu Rev Biomed Sci, 3: 49-83.
10. [10] FOKT, H; PEREIRA, A, FERREIRA, A M; CUNHA, A; AGUİAR, C (2010) How do bees prevent hive infections? The antimicrobial properties of propolis. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, 1, 481-493.
11. [11] NYEIN, M (1983) The use of asphalt as a propolis substitute. AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 123(10)732-732.
12. [12] ALQARNI, A S; RUSHDI, A I; OWAYSS, A A; RAWEH, H S; EL-MUBARAK, A H; SIMONEIT, B R (2015) Organic Tracers from Asphalt in Propolis Produced by Urban Honey Bees, Apis mellifera Linn. PloS one, 10(6), e0128311.
13. [13] POPOVA, M P; BANKOVA, V S; BOGDANOV, S; TSVETKOVA, I; NAYDENSKI, C; MARCAZZAN, G L; SABATINI, A G (2007) Chemical characteristics of poplar type propolis of different geographic origin. Apidologie, 38(3), 306-311.
14. [14] PubChem: a public information system for analyzing bioactivities of small molecules: available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.