Pollen and Achene Morphology of Some Centaurea L. Taxa (Asteraceae), Turkey

Öz

Centaurea is one of the largest genus of the family Asteraceae. Turkey is one of the distribution areas of this genus. This genus represented with 194 taxa in Turkey, which 105 of them are endemics. In this study, pollen morphology and achene micro and macro morphology of 5 taxa belonging to Centaurea (C. iberica, C. virgata, C. cheirolopha, C. urvelli subsp. urvelli, C. solstitialis subsp. solstitialis) were investigated. The aim of the study was to determine taxonomic value of pollen and achene micro features.

Pollen grains of Centaurea taxa observed as isopolar, with tricolporate aperture and subprolate and prolate-spheroidal pollen shape. Polar axis ranges between 30.4-49.9 µm while equatorial axis between 25.7-41 µm. 

The achene shape was observed as ovoid and oblong in studied taxa. SEM showed that the achene surface had a striate sculpture and was depressed on both lateral surfaces, without rare hairs.

The micro characters contain polar axis, equatorial axis, pollen shape, pollen surface ornamentation, intine and exine thickness, achene length, Pappus length, achene surface ornamentation was determined as important features for systematics of taxa.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Centaurea,Pollen,Achene,Light microscopy (LM),Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Kaynakça

1. [1]GÜNER, A; ASLAN, S; EKİM, T; VURAL, M; BABAÇ, M T (2012) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Flora Araştırmaları Derneği ve Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayını; İstanbul.
2. [2]WAGENITZ G (1986) Centaurea in South-west Asia; Patterns of distribution and diversity, Proceeeding of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Vol: 89 Section: B, 11-21.
3. [3]GÜNER, A; ÖZHATAY, N; EKİM, T (2000) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol:11. Edinburg Press.
4. [4]DAVİS, P H (1975) Flora of Turkey And The East Aegean Islands, Vol:5, Edinburgh Univ. Pres; Edinburgh.
5. [5]OSKAY, G (2015) Bazı Asteraceae Familyası Bitkilerinin Yağ Asitleri Profilinin Ve Biyoaktivitelerinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; İstanbul.
6. [6]TASAR, N; DOGAN, G; KIRAN, Y (2018) Karyological Investigation on Seven Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) Taxa from Turkey. Cytologia, 83(3): 317-321.
7. [7]WAGENİTZ, G; HELLWİG, G H (2000) The genus Psephellus Cass. (Compositae, Cardueae) revisited with a broadened concept. Willdenowia, 30(1): 29-44.
8. [8]GREUTER, W (2003) The Euro+Med treatment of Cardueae (Compositae) — generic concepts and required new names. Willdenowia, 33(1): 49-61.

9. [9]ÇETER, T; PINAR, N M; İNCEER, H; HAYIRLIOĞLU AYAZ, S; YAPRAK, A E (2013) The Comparative Pollen Morphology of Genera Matricaria L. and Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) in Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 299(5): 959-977.
10. [10]ÖZBEK, M U; ÖZBEK, F; BAŞER, B; CABİ, E; VURAL, M (2016) Pollen morphology of the genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae) in Turkey. Botany Letters, 163(4):435–448.
11. [11]KAYA, Z (1985) Endemik İki Centaurea Türü Üzerinde Taksonomik, Ekolojik ve Palinolojik Araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Tıbbi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.
12. [12]ATAR, M (2006) Centaurea kilaea Boıss. ve Centaurea cuneifolia Sm. Üzerinde Morfolojik ve Palinolojik Araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; İstanbul.
13. [13]PINAR, A (2007) Türkiye İçin Endemik Centaurea cariensis Boiss. Alttürleri Üzerinde Morfolojik Ve Palinolojik Araştırmalar. Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Zonguldak.
14. [14] KARGÜN, K (2011) B7 Elâzığ Bölgesinde Yetişen Centaurea, Psephellus ve Cyanus Cinslerine Ait Türleri Üzerinde Morfolojik Ve Palinolojik Araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bartın Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Bartın.
15. [15]SHABESTARİ, E; ATTAR, F; RİAHİ, H; SHEİDAİ, M (2013) Pollen morphology of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) in Iran. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 27(4): 669-679. [16]INCEER, H; BAL, M; ÇETER, T; PINAR, N M (2012) Fruit structure of 12 Turkish endemic Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) taxa and its taxonomic implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 298(4): 845-855. [17]TARIKAHYA HACIOGLU, B; ARSLAN, Y; SUBASI, İ; KATAR, D; BÜLBÜL A S; ÇETER, T (2012) Achene morphology of Turkish Carthamus species. Australian Journal of Crop Sciences, 6(8): 1260-1264.
16. [18] BONA, M (2015) Systematic implications of Achene characteristics in genera Centaurea L., Cyanus Mill., Psephellus Cass. and Rhaponticoides Vaill. (Asteraceae). Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 22(2):125-136.
17. [19]BONA, M (2014) Achene characteristics of Turkish Centaurea (Asteraceae) and their systematic application. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 43(2):163-168.
18. [20]CELİK, S; UYSAL, I; MENEMEN Y; KARABACAK, E (2005) Morphology, Anatomy, Ecology, Pollen and Achene Structure of Centaurea consanguinea DC. (Sect. Acrolophus). International Journal of Botany, 1(1): 85-89.
19. [21]WODEHOUSE, R P (1935) Pollen grains. Newyork, Mc Graw-Hill Press.
20. [22]PINAR, N M; DURAN, A; ÇETER T; TUĞ, G N (2009) Pollen and Seed Morphology of the Genus Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal Botany, 33(2): 83-96.
21. [23]PINAR, N M; EKİCİ, M; AYTAÇ, Z; AKAN, H; ÇETER T; ALAN, Ş (2009) Pollen morphology of Astragalus L. Sect. Onobrychoidei DC. (Fabaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany. 33(4): 291-30.
22. [24]ÇETER, T PİNAR, N M; AKAN, H; EKİCİ M; AYTAÇ, Z (2012) Comparative seed morphology of Trigonella L. species (Leguminosae) in Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(3): 509-522.
23. [25]BANİ, M; KARAKAYA, M A; ÇETER, T (2016) Fruit micromorphological characters of the genus Grammosciadium DC. (Apiaceae) in Turkey. Phytotaxa, 246 (3): 184-191.