Socio-Economic Determinants on The Profitability of Beekeeping Enterprises in Turkey: A Case Study in The Kelkit District of Gümüşhane

Abstract

Beekeeping is a branch of production that may be carried out with other agricultural activities for the rural population, and it is also one of the most significant agricultural activities because of the importance of bee products in human nutrition, their use in the chemistry industry, prospensity for treatment of diseases and the role of bees in increasing the quality of crop production. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of socio-economic factors on the profitability of beekeeping enterprises in the province of Gumushane in Turkey. The relationship between gross profit and some socio-economic characteristics are investigated, and the effects of socio-economic factors on profitability are analyzed by the decision tree method. The Classification and Regression Trees (CRT) algorithm is used to construct the decision tree. The results show that the socio-economic factors affecting the gross profit of beekeepers are non-beekeeping income, production of other bee products except honey, beekeeping experience, number of hives and years of education. Additionally, if the beekeeping is performed as a second source of income and with more experience, more education and working with fewer beehives will produce positive results on profitability. For producers who do not have any other income, other bee products produce more gross margin per hive. Therefore, other bee products besides honey production will increase their profitability. Considering the findings, different socio-economic characteristics should be taken into consideration in performing beekeeping as a profitable production activity.

Keywords

• Beekeeping
• Decision tree
• Profitability
• Socio-economic factors
• Turkey

Kaynakça

1. [1] AFFOGNON, H; KINGORI, W S; OMONDI, A I; et al (2015) Adoption of Modern Beekeeping and Its Impact on Honey Production in the Former Mwingi District of Kenya. Inter J of Tropical Insect Sci., 35: 96-102. [2] AKSOY, A; ERTÜRK, Y E; EYTURAN, E; ERDOĞAN, S; TARIQ, M M (2018) Estimation of Honey Production in Beekeeping Enterprises from Eastern Part of Turkey Through Some Data Mining Algorithms. Pakistan J of Zoo., 50: 2200-2207. [3] BREIMAN, L; FRIEDMAN, J; OLSHEN, R; STONE, C (1984) Classification and regression trees. Chapman and Hall. Wadsworth Inc.; New York pp.216-228. [4]BÜMKO (2018): Average Exchange Rates. Available at http://www.bumko.gov.tr/TR,147/ekonomik-gostergeler.html. (20.02.2019) [5] ÇEVRİMLİ, M B; SAKARYA, E (2018) Structural Characteristics and Problems of Beekeeping Enterprises in Aegean Region Example. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 34: 83-91, 2018. [6] DEMEN, H; KARACAOĞLU, M; KOÇ, A (2015) Beekeeping structure and problems in Diyarbakir province. Available from http://dergi.adu.edu.tr//tralleis, (10.10.2018) [in Turkish with English abstract] [7] ENGİNDENİZ, S.; UÇAR, K.; BAŞARAN, C. Economic Aspects and Problems of Beekeeping in Izmir Province. J of Agric. Econ., 20: 113-120, 2014 [in Turkish with English abstract] [8] FAO (Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations). Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/ (14.12.2018) [9] GRDC: Farm Gross Margin and Enterprise Planning Guide (2018): Available at https://grdc.com.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0038/294959/Farm-Gross-Margin-and- İnterprise-Planning-Guide-2018.pdf. (Accessed Nov 10, 2018) [10] GÜRER, B; AKYOL, E (2018): An Empirical Analysis of Technical Efficiency Determinants in Beekeeping Farms: Evidence and Policy Implications from Nigde, Province, Turkey. J of Agric. Environ for Intern Develop., 112: 343-359. [in Turkish with English abstract] [11] KADİRHANOĞULLARI, İH; KARADAŞ, K; KÜLEKÇİ, M. Socio-Economic Status of Beekeepers in Iğdır Province. Bee J., 16: 2-11. [in Turkish with English abstract] [12] KALANZİ, F; NANSEREKO, S; BUYİNZA, J; KIWUSO, P; TURINAVO, Y. et al Socio-Economic Analysis of Beekeeping Enterprise in Communities Adjacent to Kalinzu Forest, Western Uganda. International Journal of Research on Land-Use Sustainability, 2: 81-90. ISSN:2200-5978, 2015. [13] KARLIDAĞ, S; KÖSEMAN, S (2015) The Role and Importance of Beekeeping in Turkey and Malatya. Ministry of Food, Agric. Econ and Livestock J., 28-40. [in Turkish with English abstract] [14] KARAKAYA, E; KIZILOĞLU, S (2015) Honey Production in Bingöl. Igdır Univ. Sci&Tech., 5:25-31. [in Turkish with English abstract] [15] KEBEDE, H; TADESSE, G (2014) Survey on Honey Production System, Challenges and Opportunities in Selected Areas of Hadya Zone Ethiopia. J Agric. Biotech Sustainable Development, 6: 60-66. [16] KEKEÇOĞLU, M; RASGELE, P; ACAR, F; Kaya, S (2014) Structure of Beekeeping in Düzce Province and a Research on Beekeeping Activities. Düzce Univ. Sci. and Tech J., 2: 1-15. [in Turkish with English abstract] [17] KUTLU, MA (2014) Determination of Beekeeping in Gaziantep Province, Problems and Solutions. Turkish J of Agricultural and Natural Sci., 1: 481-484.[in Turkish with English abstract] [18] MAKRI, P; PAPANAGİOTOU, P; PAPANAGİOTOU, E (2014) Efficiency and Economic Analysis of Greek Beekeeping Farms. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 21: 479-484. [19] MBAH, S O (2012) Profitability of Honey Production Enterprise in Umuahia Agric. Zone of Abia State Nigeria. J of Agric and Rural Development, 15: 1268-1274. [20] MERDAN, K (2017) Economic and Social Aspects of Beekeeping in Gumushane. Gumushane Univ. Social Sci. Institute J., 8: 184-202. [in Turkish with English abstract] [21] MINISTRY of AGRICULTURE and FORESTRY DATA Available from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler (05.12.2018)
2. [22] NEWBOLD, P. (1995): Statistics for business and economics. England: Prentice Hall International Editions. [23] OKPOKIRI, C I; NWACHUKWU, I N; ONWUSIRIBE, C N (2015) Determinants and Profitability of Honey Production in Ikwuano Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agric Rural Development, 15:211-216. [24] ONUÇ, Z; YANAR, A; SANER, G; GÜLER, D (2018) An Analysis on Economical Aspect of the Beekeeping Enterprise: A Case of Kemalpasa District-Izmir/Turkey.[in Turkish with English abstract] [25] ÖZBAKIR, G; DOĞAN, Z; ÖZTOKMAK, A (2016) Examination of Beekeeping Activities in Adıyaman Province. Harran Agric. and Food Sci. J., 20: 119-126. [in Turkish with English abstract] [26] ÖZTÜRK, A İ (2017) Determination of Some Technical Properties of Beekeeping in Ula District of Mugla Province. Animal Production, 58: 52-57. [in Turkish with English abstract] [27] SEZGİN, A; KARA, M (2011) A Research on Determining the Factors Effecting Yield Increase in Beekeeping: The Example of TRA2 Region. J Agric. Faculty, 15: 31-38. [in Turkish with English abstract] [28] SIRALI, R (2017) Major Problems of Ordu Apiculture and Solutions. Beekeeping J., 17: 35-43. [in Turkish with English abstract] [29] STEINBERG, D.; COLLA, P. CART–Classification and regression trees. Salford Systems. San Diego: California, 1997. [30] TURKSTAT. (Turkey Statistic Institution) Database (2017). Available at from http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo. (Accessed November 20, 2018) [31] UZUNDUMLU, A S; AKSOY, A; IŞIK, H B (2011) The Existing Structure and Fundamental Problems in Beekeeping enterprises; A Case Bingöl. J Agric. Faculty of Ataturk Univ., 42: 49-55. [in Turkish with English abstract] [32] VAZIRITABAR, S; ESMAEILZADE, S (2016) Profitability and Socio-Economic Analysis of Beekeeping and Honey Production in Karaj State Iran. J Entomology and Zoo Studies, 4: 1341-1350.