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First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 502 - 513, 31.12.2025

Melek Zeybek Yünlü , İsmail Şen , Alperen Ertaş , Ömer Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.58626/memba.1800351

Öz

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants of global concern due to their persistence, ubiquity, and ecological risks. Although freshwater ecosystems have received increasing attention, data from protected non-urban lakes remain limited. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of MP pollution in Lake Kovada, a protected freshwater body in the Western Mediterranean Basin of Türkiye. Surface water samples were collected from three stations during the summer and autumn of 2024 using standardized procedures to minimize contamination. MPs were morphologically characterized under a stereomicroscope and chemically identified using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. MP abundance was 442 particles/m², with the highest at the Kovada Canal–Lake junction (K1: 167 particles/m²) and the lowest at K3 (29 particles/m²). Filaments and fragments were the most frequent morphotypes, predominantly black and red in color. Among the identified polymers, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) exhibited the highest occurrence. Compared to other freshwater systems, MP levels were relatively low, likely due to the lake’s National Park status, rural location, and limited industrial/agricultural activity. However, nearby agriculture, recreation, and the hydrological connection to Lake Eğirdir likely contribute to filament-rich MP inputs via atmospheric fallout and runoff. Seasonal variations in MP abundance and composition indicate combined impacts of human activity and natural processes such as precipitation and temperature shifts. The study highlights the importance of monitoring MP pollution even in relatively undisturbed ecosystems and offers valuable baseline data for environmental protection strategies in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Microplastic Water pollution Lake Kovada Türkiye

Etik Beyan

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal participants performed by any of the authors. The manuscript has not been published or submitted elsewhere, and all authors have approved its submission. We have disclosed any potential conflicts of interest and funding sources within the manuscript.

Destekleyen Kurum

Süleyman Demirel University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

SDÜ BAP FYL-2024-9374

Teşekkür

This study was supported by Süleyman Demirel University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project number FYL-2024-9374. We are deeply grateful to them for their financial support.

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Kovada Gölü (Isparta, Türkiye) Yüzey Sularında Mikroplastik Kirliliğinin İlk Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 502 - 513, 31.12.2025

Melek Zeybek Yünlü , İsmail Şen , Alperen Ertaş , Ömer Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.58626/memba.1800351

Öz

Mikroplastikler (MP’ler), kalıcılıkları, her yerde bulunabilirlikleri ve ekolojik riskleri nedeniyle küresel ölçekte endişe yaratan yeni ortaya çıkan kirleticilerdir. Tatlı su ekosistemleri son yıllarda artan bir ilgi görmesine rağmen, koruma altındaki kentsel olmayan göllerle ilgili veriler hâlâ sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Batı Akdeniz Havzası’nda yer alan koruma altındaki bir tatlı su kütlesi olan Kovada Gölü’ndeki MP kirliliğinin ilk kapsamlı değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Yüzey suyu örnekleri, 2024 yılı yaz ve sonbahar dönemlerinde üç istasyondan alınmış ve kontaminasyonu en aza indirmek için standartlaştırılmış yöntemler kullanılmıştır. MPler, stereo mikroskop altında morfolojik olarak karakterize edilmiş ve ATR-FTIR spektroskopisi kullanılarak kimyasal olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ortalama MP bolluğu 442 parçacık/m² olarak belirlenmiş; en yüksek yoğunluk Kovada Kanalı–Göl birleşiminde (K1: 167 parçacık/m²), en düşük ise K3 istasyonunda (29 parçacık/m²) tespit edilmiştir. Filament ve parçacık (fragment) tipleri en yaygın morfotipler olup, ağırlıklı olarak siyah ve kırmızı renklidir. Belirlenen polimerler arasında polietilen (PE) ve polietilen tereftalat (PET) en yüksek oranda görülmüştür. Diğer tatlı su sistemleriyle karşılaştırıldığında MP seviyeleri nispeten düşük bulunmuştur; bu durum gölün Milli Park statüsü, kırsal konumu ve sınırlı endüstriyel/tarımsal faaliyetleriyle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yakın çevredeki tarımsal faaliyetler, rekreasyonel kullanımlar ve Kovada Gölü’nün Eğirdir Gölü ile olan hidrolik bağlantısı, atmosferik taşınım ve yüzey akışı yoluyla özellikle filament tipi MP girişine katkı sağlamaktadır. MP bolluğu ve bileşimindeki mevsimsel değişimler, insan faaliyetleri ile yağış ve sıcaklık değişimleri gibi doğal süreçlerin ortak etkisini yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışma, nispeten bozulmamış ekosistemlerde bile mikroplastik kirliliğinin izlenmesinin önemini vurgulamakta ve bölgedeki çevresel koruma stratejileri için değerli bir başlangıç verisi sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikroplastik Su Kirliliği Kovada Gölü Türkiye

Etik Beyan

Bu makale, yazarlardan hiçbiri tarafından insan veya hayvan katılımcılarla gerçekleştirilen herhangi bir çalışma içermemektedir. Makale başka bir yerde yayınlanmamış veya sunulmamıştır ve tüm yazarlar gönderimi onaylamıştır. Makalede olası çıkar çatışmaları ve fon kaynakları açıklanmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

SDÜ BAP FYL-2024-9374

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından FYL-2024-9374 proje numarasıyla desteklenmiştir. Maddi destekleri için kendilerine minnettarız.

Kaynakça

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Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Tatlı Su Ekolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Melek Zeybek Yünlü 0000-0002-2982-8616

İsmail Şen 0009-0003-0787-3912

Alperen Ertaş 0000-0001-8510-6100

Ömer Erdoğan 0000-0002-0196-5854

Proje Numarası SDÜ BAP FYL-2024-9374
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 22 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Zeybek Yünlü, M., Şen, İ., Ertaş, A., Erdoğan, Ö. (2025). First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye). MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 502-513. https://doi.org/10.58626/memba.1800351
AMA Zeybek Yünlü M, Şen İ, Ertaş A, Erdoğan Ö. First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye). MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi. Aralık 2025;11(4):502-513. doi:10.58626/memba.1800351
Chicago Zeybek Yünlü, Melek, İsmail Şen, Alperen Ertaş, ve Ömer Erdoğan. “First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye)”. MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi 11, sy. 4 (Aralık 2025): 502-13. https://doi.org/10.58626/memba.1800351.
EndNote Zeybek Yünlü M, Şen İ, Ertaş A, Erdoğan Ö (01 Aralık 2025) First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye). MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi 11 4 502–513.
IEEE M. Zeybek Yünlü, İ. Şen, A. Ertaş, ve Ö. Erdoğan, “First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye)”, MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 4, ss. 502–513, 2025, doi: 10.58626/memba.1800351.
ISNAD Zeybek Yünlü, Melek vd. “First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye)”. MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi 11/4 (Aralık2025), 502-513. https://doi.org/10.58626/memba.1800351.
JAMA Zeybek Yünlü M, Şen İ, Ertaş A, Erdoğan Ö. First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye). MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;11:502–513.
MLA Zeybek Yünlü, Melek vd. “First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye)”. MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 502-13, doi:10.58626/memba.1800351.
Vancouver Zeybek Yünlü M, Şen İ, Ertaş A, Erdoğan Ö. First Evaluation of Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye). MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;11(4):502-13.

Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi olarak 2013'te kurulan dergimiz,
MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi olarak yayın hayatına devam etmektedir.
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MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi, Kastamonu Üniversitesi tarafından yayımlanan, uluslararası, hakemli ve açık erişimli bilimsel bir dergidir. Dergi, sucul bilimler ve su kaynaklarına ilişkin temel ve uygulamalı bilimsel araştırmaların yayımlanmasını teşvik etmeyi, disiplinler arası bilimsel iletişimi güçlendirmeyi ve bu alandaki bilgi birikimini artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Dergi yılda dört sayı olarak( Mart, Haziran, Eylül, Aralık aylarında) Türkçe ve İngilizce orjinal makaleler, kısa notlar, teknik notlar, raporlar ve derlemelere yer verir.

MEMBA Su Bilimleri Dergisi
TRDizin, SOBIAD, ASCI, CAB Direct, Google Scholar, Paperity, Asosindex, Academic Journal Index, CNKI Scholar
dizinlerinde taranmaktadır.
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Dergimize makale yükleme sırasında intihal benzerlik raporu yüklemek zorunlu ve bu raporun intihal benzerlik oranının % 30'un altında olması gerekmektedir. Bu raporu yazarlar makale yükleme sırasında göndermelidir.
Dergimize yüklenen Türkçe ve İngilizce makalelerde Türkçe ve İngilizce özetlerin bulunması zorunludur.