Marmara Denizi Kuzeydoğu Kıyılarında Deniz Kestanesinin (Paracentrotus lividus Lamarck 1816) Bolluğu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 364 - 374, 30.09.2025

Busenaz Değirmen , Herdem Aslan

https://doi.org/10.58626/memba.1758426

Öz

2023 yılı Ağustos-Eylül ve 2024 yılı Ağustos-Kasım ayları arasında Marmara Denizi’nin kuzeydoğu kıyılarında deniz kestanesi (Paracentrotus lividus Lamarck, 1816) bolluğu üzerine bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstanbul’un Anadolu Yakası’nda yer alan 19 istasyon ile Yalova’nın Armutlu ilçesindeki 1 istasyonda, 0–3 metre derinlik aralığında ABC yöntemi (maske, palet ve şnorkel kullanılarak) ile görsel sayımlar yapılmıştır. 2023 yılı verilerine göre çalışma alanında en yüksek birey sayısına sahip istasyon, metrekare başına ortalama 5 birey ile Pendik-Yunus 1 istasyonu olmuştur. 2024 yılında ise en yüksek birey sayısı, metrekare başına ortalama 18 birey ile Tuzla istasyonunda tespit edilmiştir.

Ekosistem temelli sürdürülebilir deniz kestanesi avcılığı yönetimi için, türün bölgedeki stok durumunun bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Mevcut literatür dikkate alındığında, Marmara Denizi için bilinmeyen bu verilerin elde edilmesi, bu çalışmanın temel hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paracentrotus lividus , bolluk , Marmara Sea , ekosistem temelli balıkçılık yönetimi

Proje Numarası

4739

Abundance of the Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus Lamarck, 1816) Along the Northeastern Coasts of the Sea of Marmara

Öz

A study was conducted on the abundance of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus Lamarck, 1816) on the North East coast of the Marmara Sea between August-September 2023 and August-November 2024. Visual counts were conducted at 19 stations on the Anatolian side of Istanbul and 1 station in Armutlu, Yalova using ABC (mask, flippers and snorkel) at depths of 0-3 metres. The highest number of individuals in the study area in 2023 was Pendik-Yunus 1 station with an average of 5 individuals per square metre, and in 2024 the highest number of individuals was Tuzla station with an average of 18 individuals per square metre.

For sustainable urchin fishery management with an ecosystem approach, the stock status of the species in the region should be known. According to the available literature, it is aimed to reach these data, which are unknown for the Marmara Sea, within the scope of this study

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paracentrotus lividus , abundance , Marmara Sea , ecosystem based fisheries management

Proje Numarası

4739

Kaynakça

• Addis, P., Secci, M. & Cau, A. (2009). “Assessing the spatial distribution and density of Paracentrotus lividus populations in four fishing sites in Sardinia (Italy, western Mediterranean)”. Scientia Marina, 73 (4), 667–676.
• Agnetta, D., Bonaviri, C., Fernandez, T. V. & Gianguzza, P. (2011). Leading role of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula in maintaining the barren state in southwestern Mediterranean. Marine Biology. 158. 2505-2513. 10.1007/s00227-011-1751-2.
• Alcoverro T. & Mariani, S. (2002). Effects of sea urchin grazing on Thalassodendron ciliatum beds in a Kenyan lagoon. Marine Ecology-progress Series - Mar Ecol-Progr Ser. 226. 255-263.
• Aslan, H. (2005). Bozcaada’nın Echinoderm faunası.Türk Sucul Yaşam Dergisi, In E. Düzgüneş, İ. Okumuş, H. Öğüt (Eds), Yıl: 3, Sayı: 4: 10-15
• Aslan, H. (2012). The Echinoderm Fauna of Gokceada Island (NE Aegean Sea). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(1), 26-29.doi: 10.3923/javaa.2012.26.29
• Aslan-Cihangir, H. & Papadopoulou M. A. (2012). Spatial and temporal variation of echinoderm assemblages from soft bottoms of the Canakkale Strait (Turkish Strait System) with a taxonomic key of the genus Amphiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36(2),147-161.
• Aslan H, Tekeli Z. & Bacak Ö. (2021). Effects of mucilage on the benthic crustacean in the North Aegean Sea. Aslan, H. (2022). Deniz kestanesi Paracentrotus lividus’un Gökçeada kıyılarındaki bolluğu. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 5(2), 143–149.
• Aslan, H. (2024). Spatial Variation of Soft Bottom Arthropoda and Echinodermata Fauna In the Aegean Sea. Turkısh Journal of Fısherıes and Aquatıc Scıences 24, TRJFAS 26690. http://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS 26690
• Bayed, A., Quiniou, F., Benrha, A., & Guilloi, M. (2005). The Paracentrotus lividus populations from the northern Moroccan Atlantic coast: Growth, reproduction and health condition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 999–1007.
• Beşiktepe, T., Sur, H. I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M. A., Oğuz, T., & Ünlüata, U. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34, 285–334.
• Boudouresque, C. F. (2001). Marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean: Status of species, populations and communities. Scientific Reports of Port-Cros National Park, 18, 97–146.
• BSGM. (2025). Fisheries statistics report 2019–2024. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture (BSGM). Retrieved from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr
• Byrne, M. (1990). Annual reproductive cycles of the commercial sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from an exposed intertidal and a sheltered subtidal habitat on the west coast of Ireland. Marine Biology, 104, 275–289.
• Ceccherelli, G., Addis, P., Atzori, F., Cadoni, N., Casu, M., Coppa, S., & Piazzi, L. (2022). Sea urchin harvest inside marine protected areas: An opportunity to investigate the effects of exploitation where trophic upgrading is achieved. PeerJ, 10, e12971.
• Cherbonnier, G., 1956, Les Echinodermes de Tunisie. Bull Stat Océangier Salammbo, 53:1-23p.
• Chiggiato, J., Jarosz, E., & Book, JW. Marmara Denizi'ndeki dolaşımın dinamikleri: sayısal modelleme deneyleri ve Türk boğazları sistemi deneyinden gözlemler. Ocean Dynamics 62, 139–159 (2012).
• Demir S., Y., Akyol, O., & Sağlam, C. (2013). Ayvalık (Ege Denizi) Kıyılarında Deniz kestanesi (Paracentrotus lividus) Avcılığı. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, (4), 3-7.
• Farina, S., Ruberti, N., Brundu, G., Ceccherelli, G., Grech, D., & Loi, B. (2023). Intensive sea urchin harvest rescales Paracentrotus lividus population structure and threatens self-sustenance. PeerJ, 11, e16220.
• Filbee-Dexter, K., & Scheibling, R. E. (2014). Sea urchin barrens as alternative stable states of collapsed kelp ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 495, 1–25.
• Gazioğlu, C., Gökaşan, E., Algan, O., Yücel, Z., Tok, B., & Doğan, E. (2002). Morphologic features of the Marmara Sea from multi-beam data. Marine Geology, 190(1–2), 397–420.
• Gianguzza, P., Chiantore, M., Bonaviri, C., Cattaneo-Vietti, R,Vielmini, I., & Riggio, S. (2006). The effects of recreational Paracentrotus lividus fishing on distribution patterns of sea urchins at Ustica Island MPA (Western Mediterranean, Italy). Fisheries Research, 81(1), 37–44.
• Grosso, L., Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Tancioni, L., Vizzini, S., Boudouresque, C. F., & Scardi, M. (2022). Trophic requirements of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus varies at different life stages: Comprehension of species ecology and implications for effective feeding formulations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 865450.
• Guidetti, P., & Dulčić, J. (2007). Relationships among predatory fish,sea urchins and barrens in Mediterranean rocky reefs across a latitudinal gradient.Marine Environmental Research, 63(2), 168–184.
• Guidetti, P., Bussotti, S., & Boero, F. (2005). Evaluating the effects of protection on fish predators and sea urchins in shallow artificial rocky habitats: case study in the Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Conservation, 32(1), 82–88.
• Gündoğdu, A., Nalbantoğlu, Ö. U., Karis, G., Sarikaya, I., Erdogan, M. N., Hora, M., … Aslan, H. (2024). “Comparing microbial communities in mucilage and seawater samples: Metagenomic insights into mucilage formation in the Marmara Sea”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31 (48), 58363–58374.
• Mataix Verdú, J. (1993). Tabla de composición de alimentos. Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Granada.
• McLaren, E., Sommer, B., Pandolfi, J. M., Beger, M., & Byrne, M. (2024). Taxa-dependent temporal trends in the abundance and size of sea urchins in subtropical eastern Australia. Ecology and Evolution, 14, e11412.
• Migliaccio, O., Castellano, I., Di Cioccio, D., Tedeschi, G., Negri, A., Cirino, P., Romano, G., Zingone, A., & Palumbo, A. (2016). Subtle reproductive impairment through nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms in sea urchins from an area affected by harmful algal blooms. Scientific reports, 6, 26086.
• Mortensen Th, 1927. Handbook of the echinoderms of the British isles. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Öztoprak, Başak and Doğan, Alper & Dagli, Ertan. (2014). Checklist of Echinodermata from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 38. 892-900.
• Ozturk, I., Dulekgurgen, E., & Ersahin, M. (2021). Marmara’da Deniz Salyası Sorunu: Tanımı, Sebepleri, Boyutları, Değerlendirme ve Çözüm Önerileri, 11-47.
• Palacín C., Turon X., Ballesteros M., Giribet G., & López S. (1998). Stock Evaluation of Three Littoral Echinoid Species on the Catalan Coast North‐Western Mediterranean. Marine Ecology. 19. 163 - 177.
• Paredes, E., Campos, S., Lago, A., Bueno, T., Constensoux, J., & Costas, D. (2022). Handling, reproducing and cryopreserving five European sea 120 urchins (Echinodermata, Klein, 1778) for biodiversity conservation purposes. Animals, 12(22), 3161.
• Sala, E., Boudouresque, C. F., & Harmelin-Vivien, M. (1998). Fishing, trophic cascades, and the structure of algal assemblages: evaluation of an old but untested paradigm. Oikos, 82(3), 425-439. doi: 10.2307/3546364
• Strong, J. A., & Johnson, M. P. (2020). Application of the SACFOR abundance scale to subtidal surveys: A review and case study. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 528, 151381.
• Topçu, N. E., & Öztürk, B. (2021). The impact of the massive mucilage outbreak in the Sea of Marmara on gorgonians of Prince Islands: A qualitative assessment. Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 27(2), 270–278.
• Torres C., Rubal M., Pinto S., & Veiga P. (2019). Effects of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark, 1816) harvesting on benthic assemblages. An experimental approach. Marine Ecology. 40. 10.1111/maec.12569.
• Tortonese, E. (1965). Echinodermata. Fauna d’Italia (Cilt 6). Edizioni Calderini, Officine Grafiche Calderini: Bologna.
• TÜİK. (2022). Su ürünleri istatistikleri. https://www.tuik.gov.tr
• Ünlüata, Ü., Oğuz, T., Latif, M. A., & Özsoy, E. (1990). On the physical oceanography of the Turkish Straits. In J. Pratt (Ed.), The physical oceanography of sea straits (pp. 5–60). NATO-ASI Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Wangensteen, O. S., Turon, X., & Palacín, C. (2011). Feeding behavior and ecological impact of Arbacia lixula in temperate rocky reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 438, 117–126.
• Yeruham, E., Rilov, G., Shpigel, M., & Abelson, A. (2015). Collapse of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus populations in the Eastern Mediterranean –Result of climate change. Scientific Reports, 5, 13479.
• Yüksek, A. (2021). Marmara Denizi’nde deniz salyası/müsilajı oluşturan sebepler. Marmara’da deniz ekolojisi: Deniz salyası oluşumu, etkileşimleri ve çözüm önerileri. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA).