Trade Openness and FDI from Turkey: Does It Matter for Economic Growth in African Countries?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 21 - 37, 30.06.2022

Ismael Mohammed Nasir Abdulkadir Buluş Mustafa Gömleksiz

Öz

Uluslararası ticaret ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, çeşitli nedenlerle ülke ekonomileri için fayda sağlamaktadır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY), sermaye oluşumunu, rekabet gücünü, ölçek ekonomilerini, yabancı bilgiden kaynaklanan yeni teknolojilerin ortaya çıkışını ve dolayısıyla ev sahibi ülkelerde katma değeri yüksek mal ve hizmetlerin ortaya çıkışını teşvik etmektedir. Ekonomik teoriye göre, ticari dışa açıklık kaynakların etkin dağılımı, verimlilik artışları ve ticarette karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerin sağlanması bakımından büyüme için hayati önem taşımaktadır. Son dönemde, Afrika ülkeleri, ticarete açıklıkta kayda değer bir artışla birlikte Türkiye'den önemli miktarda DYY almıştır. Bu çarpıcı artış, doğrudan yabancı yatırım akışının ticari dış açıklık ile birlikte Afrika'daki ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyip etkilemediği sorusunu önemli hale getirmektedir.
Bu çalışma, seçilmiş Afrika ülkelerinde Türkiye kaynaklı DYY girişlerinin ve ticari dışa açıklığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada, 2006-2017 yılları arasında sekiz Afrika ülkesinden oluşan bir panel veri setinde Panel ARDL yöntemine dayalı Havuzlanmış Ortalama Grup ve Ortalama Grup tahmincileri ve Panel VECM Granger nedensellik testi kullanılmaktadır. Sonuçlar ilk olarak, Türkiye kaynaklı DYY girişlerinin ve ticari dışa açıklığın Afrika ülkelerindeki uzun dönem ekonomik büyümenin önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu göstermektedir. İkinci olarak, Türkiye dışındaki DYY akımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi önemli ölçüde negatif bulunmuştur. Bu sonucun muhtemel nedenleri arasında, ele alınan ülkelerdeki beşeri sermaye, verimlilik ve altyapı yetersizlikleri gösterilebilir. Son olarak analizde, uzun dönemde ticari açıklıktan ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Panel ARDL, Turkey, Africa.

Kaynakça

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