Karaman Ovası Yer Altı Sularının Kalite Özelliklerinin Elma Yetiştiriciliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Ilıman iklim meyveleri, düşük sulama suyu kalite özelliklerine birçok bitki türünden daha hassastır. Meyve ağaçları bulundukları toprakları uzun yıllar işgal ettiklerinden tesis yapılmadan önce mutlaka toprak özelikleri ile beraber sulama suyu kalite özellikleri belirlenmelidir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Karaman Ovasında bulunan yer altı sularının kalite özellikleri belirlenerek elma yetiştiriciliği açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı lokasyonlarda bulunan derin kuyulardan alınan 30 adet su örneğinde tuzluluk (EC), pH, kalsiyum (Ca+2), sodyum (Na+), magnezyum (Mg+2), potasyum (K+), karbonat (CO3-2), bikarbonat (HCO3-), klor (Cl-) ve bor (B) analizleri yapılarak alkalilik, sodyum adsorpsiyon oranı (SAR), artık sodyum karbonat (RSC), ve toplam sertlik (TH) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Alınan su örneklerinin tamamı alkali özellikte, tuzluluk yönünden C2 (%67) ve C3 (%33) sınıfında, toplam sertlik yönünden sert (%57) ve çok sert (%43) sular sınıfında yer almıştır. Bor içeriği bakımından 1 su örneği hariç problemsiz, sadece 3 kuyunun dışındaki sular Cl- açısından güvenle kullanılabilir bulunmuştur. Sodyum Adsorpsiyon Oranı ve RSC yönünden herhangi bir kalite sorunu bulunmamaktadır. Toplam Sertlik yönünden tüm kuyulardaki su kullanılırken dikkat edilmelidir. Kuyu sularının kalite özellikleri bölgeden bölgeye değil kuyudan kuyuya değişiklik göstermiştir. Bu yüzden her üretici kullandığı su kaynağının kalite özelliklerini bilmeli ve kullandığı suya göre tedbirleri almalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meyve ağacı
• Sodyum tehlikesi
• sulama suyu
• tuzluluk problemi
• sodyum tehlikesi
• iyon toksisitesi

Assessing the Quality of Groundwater in Karaman Plain Regarding Apple Cultivation

Öz

Temperate climate fruits are more sensitive to low irrigation water quality characteristics than many crop species. Since fruit trees occupy the soil for many years, irrigation water quality characteristics should be determined along with soil characteristics before orchard establishment. In this study, groundwater quality characteristics of Karaman Plain were determined and evaluated regarding apple cultivation. For this purpose, salinity (EC), pH, calcium (Ca+2), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg+2), potassium (K+), carbonate (CO3-2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), chlorine (Cl-) and boron (B) were analyzed in 30 water samples collected from deep wells at different locations. Alkalinity, sodium adsorption rate (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and total hardness (TH) were calculated from the values obtained. All water samples were alkaline, C2 (67%) and C3 (33%) for salinity, hard (57%) and very hard (43%) for total hardness. All waters except 1 sampled well were found safe for B, and except 3 sampled wells were found safe for Cl-. There are no quality problems in terms of SAR and, RSC. Attention should be paid in all wells in terms of TH. The quality characteristics of irrigation water vary from well to well not from region to region. Therefore, each producer should know the quality characteristics of the water source they use and take precautions according to the water they use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fruit tree
• irrigation water
• salinity problem
• sodium hazard
• ion toxicity

Kaynakça

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