Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Sexism in Video Games Scale

Öz

Online games have been gaining more popularity every day, yet sexism is still a persistent problem in gaming communities. The sexism in video games scale developed by Fox and Tang (2014) is the first standardized measurement tool to measure this problem. This research aims to conduct a validity and reliability study of the Sexism in Video Games Scale in the Turkish sample. We adapted the scale into Turkish in the pilot study. Then, in the first study, we examined the scale's factor structure with exploratory factor analysis in a sample of 580 people. Analysis showed that the scale consists of 3 factors (i.e., “Social” Gamer α = .84, Weak Link α = .84, Sensitivity α = .82), explaining 55% of the total variance. In the second study, we tested the factor structure of the Turkish form in a different sample of 373 people with confirmatory factor analysis. The factors showed structural harmony. To test the scale's construct validity, we examined convergent and discriminant validity within the scope of validity analysis. As expected, sexism in video games is positively correlated with social dominance, gender system justification, femmephobia, and masculinity ideology scales but is unrelated to social desirability. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was α = .91 in the first study and α = .92 in the second study. These studies show that the scale is a reliable and valid measurement tool.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• video games
• sexism
• scale development
• validity
• reliability

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Özlem Sağlam Ok for her valuable contributions during the data collection phase of this study.

Video Oyunlarında Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği: Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Çevrimiçi oyunlar, her gün daha fazla kullanıcı kazanan popüler bir boş zaman aktivitesidir. Oyuncuların cinsiyet dağılımları dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de eşit kabul edilse de oyunların erkeklerin dünyası olduğuna dair inanış devam etmektedir. Fox ve Tang (2014) tarafından geliştirilen Video Oyunlarında Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği bu toplumsal sorunu ölçmek için geliştirilmiş ilk standardize ölçüm aracıdır. Türkiye’deki geniş çevrimiçi oyuncu kitlesi ve kadınların bu kitledeki değerlendirildiğinde, çevrimiçi oyunlarda cinsiyetçilik ve ayrımcılığın Türkiye örnekleminde incelenmesi önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda, bir pilot çalışma ile iki çalışmadan oluşan araştırmamızın amacı, Video Oyunlarında Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeğinin Türkiye örnekleminde geçerlik güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmak ve ölçeği Türkçe alanyazına kazandırmaktır. Pilot uygulama kapsamında ölçeği Türkçeye uyarlayıp, sonrasında birinci çalışmada ölçeğin faktör yapısını 580 kişilik bir örneklemde açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile inceledik. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ölçek toplam varyansın % 55’ini açıklayan 3 faktörden (“Sosyal” Oyuncu α =.84, Zayıf Halka α =.84, Alınganlık α =.82) oluşmaktadır. İkinci çalışmada ise Türkçe formun faktör yapısını doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile 373 kişilik farklı bir örneklemde test ettik ve faktörlerin yapısal uyum gösterdiğini gördük. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini test etmek için geçerlilik analizleri kapsamında yakınsak ve ayırt edici geçerliliğini inceledik. Bulgular, beklediğimiz üzere, video oyunlarında cinsiyetçiliğin Sosyal Baskınlık, Toplumsal Cinsiyetle İlgili Sistemi Meşrulaştırma, Femfobi ve Erkeklik İdeolojisi Ölçekleri ile pozitif yönde ilişkili, Sosyal Beğenirlik Ölçeği ile ise ilişkisiz olduğunu gösterdi. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısını ilk çalışmada α = .91, ikinci çalışmada α = .92 olarak tespit ettik. Bulgularımız ölçeğin bireylerin video oyunlarında sergiledikleri cinsiyetçi eğilimleri ölçme konusunda güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• video oyunları
• cinsiyetçilik
• ölçek geliştirme
• geçerlik
• güvenirlik

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın veri toplama aşamasındaki kıymetli katkılarından dolayı Özlem Sağlam Ok’a teşekkür ederiz.

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