The Produced Gender Perception through the Political Ideologies in Turkey: A Review on the Twitter Posts

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10, 117 - 130, 30.06.2020

Nuriye Çelik

Öz

The theory of feminism is translated into an ideological phenomenon that begins with women's demand for equal rights with men and defines women's individuality. Like any grand theory (all social theories in macro level), it exhibits ideological qualities and it inevitably interacts with other ideologies. There is a never-ending conflict between conservative ideology and feminism. In Turkey, there is a distinction between rising conservatism and feminism from the point of view definitions of family and women that arose from religious and cultural perspectives.This study applied content analysis to comments on video that aimed to prevent violence against women and published on the presidential twitter page. As a result of the analysis, it was found that those who wrote supporting comments did not support the conservative party but found the video correct; it was seen that those who wrote critical comments supported the relevant political party and think the feminism is damaging the conservative ideology. Another result of this study is women made the most criticism of feminism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Feminism, Conservative Discourse, Social Gender, Violence

Türkiye'de Siyasal İdeolojiler Yoluyla Üretilen Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı: Twitter Yorumları Üzerinden Bir İnceleme

Öz

Feminizm teorisi kadınların erkeklerle eşit haklara sahip olma talebiyle başlayan ve kadınların bireyselliklerini tanımlayan ideolojik bir olguya çevrilmiş durumdadır. Her tür grand (makro boyuttaki tüm sosyal teoriler) teori gibi ideolojik nitelikler sergiler ve diğer ideolojilerle etkileşim içerisine girmesi kaçınılmazdır. Muhafazakar ideoloji ve feminizm arasında hiç bitmeyen bir çatışma vardır. Türkiye'de, artan muhafazakarlık ile feminizm arasında ailenin ve kadınların dini ve kültürel açıdan ortaya çıkan tanımları açısından bir ayrım bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kadına yönelik şiddeti önlemeyi amaçlayan ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı Twitter sayfasında yayınlanan bir video hakkındaki yorumlara içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. İçerik analizi kullanıcıların birbirine verdiği kişisel yanıtları ve argo ifade içeren söylemleri çalışma dışında bırakmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda iki ayrı kutup olarak destekleyici ve eleştirel yorumlar tespit edilmiştir. Destekleyici yorumların videoyu yayınlayan siyasi partiyi desteklemediği fakat şiddete karşı birleştikleri görülmüştür. Öte yandan eleştirel yorum yapanların ilgili siyasi partiyi destekledikleri fakat feminizmin muhafazakarlığa zarar verdiği noktasında birleştikleri görülmüştür. Feminizm eleştirilerinin en fazla kadınlardan gelmesi de, çalışmanın bir diğer sonucu olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Feminizm, Muhafazakar Söylem, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Şiddet

Kaynakça

• Acar F. & Altunok G. (2013). “The ‘politics of intimate’ at the intersection of neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism in contemporary Turkey”. In Women's Studies International Forum 41 (2013) 14-23.
• Akkaş H. H. (2014). “Conservative political thought in the history of Turkish modernization”. Journal of Social Sciences 16/1 (2014) 241-254.
• Altunok G. (2016). “Neo-conservatism, sovereign power and bio-power: Female subjectivity in contemporary Turkey”. Research and Policy on Turkey 1/2 (2016) 132-146.
• Ayata A. G. & Tütüncü F. (2008). “Party Politics of the AKP (2002–2007) and the Predicaments of Women at the Intersection of the Westernist, Islamist and Feminist Discourses in Turkey”. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 35/3 (2008) 363-384.
• Bal S. (2014). “The Ageless Face of Ads: Magnificent Motherhood, Example of Mother's Day Ads”. Ilef Journal 1/2 (2014) 59-85.
• Berktay F. (2009). “An Important Field of Feminist Theory: Sexuality”. Cogito 2887, 58.
• Bleicher, J. (2017). Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy and Critique (Vol. 2), Routledge Publications 2017.
• Bora A. & Çalışkan K. (2007). “What is Under a Headscarf? Neo-Islamist vs. Kemalist Conservatism in Turkey”. The Arab Studies Journal 15/2:1 (2007) 140-155.
• Bowen G. A. (2009). “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method”. Qualitative Research Journal 9/2 (2009) 27.
• Çakır S. (2007). “Feminism and Feminist History Writing in Turkey: The Discovery of Ottoman Feminism”. Aspasia 1 (2007) 61–83.
• Çelik N. (2018). “The Social Policy Vision of Political Parties in Modern Turkey”. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities VIII/2 (2018) 251-264.
• Chandler D. (1994). Semiotics: The Basics (3rd Edition). Routledge Publish, http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/ Documents/S4B/ [23.11.2019].
• Chin R. (2010). “Turkish women, West German feminists, and the gendered discourse on Muslim cultural difference”. Public Culture 22/3 (2010) 557-581.
• Coşar S. & Yeğenoğlu M. (2011). “New grounds for patriarchy in Turkey? Gender policy in the age of AKP”. South European Society and Politics 16/4 (2011) 555-573.
• Duman D. (2007). “Gender Politics in Turkey and the Role of Women’s Magazines: A Critical Outlook on the Early Republican Era”. Political Linguistics Conference, Waresaw University 13-15 September (2007) 75-92.
• Erkan A. Ü. (2011). “The Formation of Feminist Identity: Feminism in The 1930’s Turkey and Britain”. Kastamonu Education Journal 19/3 (2011) 1013-1028.
• Essays UK. (November 2018). “Roland Barthesand His Semiotic Theory”. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/cultural-studies/roland-barthes-and-his-semiotic-theory.php?vref=1 [23.11.2019].
• Genç E. & Coşkun T. (2015). “Some Cases of Conservatism the Conservatism of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 8/1 (2015) 27-40.
• Gezer T. Y. (2018). “Religious Women's Perception of Motherhood: A Comparative Analysis of Jam Blog and Muslim Mothers Blog” Fe Journal 10/2 (2018) 71-84.
• Göksel İ. (2013). “Female labor force participation in Turkey: The role of conservatism”. In Women's Studies International Forum 41 (2013) 45-54.
• Gönenç A. Y. (2006). “Fransa'da ve Türkiye'de Kadin Hareketleri”. Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal 27 (2006) 63-84.
• Gül S. S. & Gül H. (2000). “The question of women in Islamic revivalism in Turkey: A review of the Islamic press”. Current Sociology 48/2 (2000) 1-26.
• Gündüz Z. Y. (2004). “The Women’s Movement in Turkey: From Tanzimat towards European Union Membership 1. Perceptions”. Journal of International Affairs 9/3 (2004) 115-134.
• Güneş-Ayata A. & Doğangün G. (2017). “Gender politics of the AKP: Restoration of a religio-conservative gender climate”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 19/6 (2017) 610-627.
• Gürçayir Teke S. (2014). “A Netnographic Analysis of Transforming Motherhood: Blogger Mothers”. National Folklore 26/103 (2914) 32-47.
• Korchynska N. (2017). “The Role of Gender Policy in Turkish Vet System”. Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7/2 (2017) 63-68.
• Korkut U. & Eslen-Ziya H. (2011). “The impact of conservative discourses in family policies, population politics, and gender rights in Poland and Turkey”. Social politics 18/3 (2011) 387-418.
• Kothari C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International Publishers 2004.
• Liang H. Shen F. & Fu K. W. (2017). “Privacy protection and self-disclosure across societies: A study of global Twitter users”. New Media &Society 19/9 (2017) 1476-1497.
• Marwick A. E. & Boyd D. (2011). “I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience”. New Media &Society 13/1 (2011) 114-133.
• Negrón-Gonzales M. (2016). “The feminist movement during the AKP era in Turkey: challenges and opportunities”. Middle Eastern Studies 52/2 (2016) 198-214.
• Özcan P. (2016). Hürriyet, Do you regret about you've baby? https://hthayat.haberturk.com/yazarlar/ perihan-ozcan/1037362-peki-sen-cocuk-yaptigina-pisman-misin (24.11.2019).
• Rennie, D. L. (2012). “Qualitative Research as Methodical Hermeneutics”. Psychological Methods 17/3 (2012) 385.
• Sever M. (2015). “Femininity, motherhood, voluntary childlessness: Femininity or Motherhood by Elisabeth Badinter?, Tina Miller's Sense of Motherhood: Myths and experiences and a comparative reading study on Corinne Maier's No Kid”. Fe Journal 7/2 (2015) 72-86.
• Simten C. & İnci Ö. K. (2017). “Feminist Politics in Contemporary Turkey: Neoliberal Attacks, Feminist Claims to the Public”. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 38/2 (2017) 151-174, DOI: 10.1080/1554477X.2016.1198656.
• Taş G. (2016). “A General Evaluation on Feminism: Conceptual Analysis, Transformation of Historical Processes”. The Academic Elegance 3/5 (2005) 163-175.
• Young I. M. (2009). “Gender Against the Living Body: Thoughts on Social Structure and Subjectivity”. Trans. Rüya Kalıntaş, Cogito 58 (2009) 39-56.
• Zimmerman, J. A. (1999). Liturgy and Hermeneutics. Liturgical Press Publications 1999.