Grounding Vulnerability and Resilience in the Face of Disasters: A Capital-Based Comprehensive Cognitive and Operational Model Proposal

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14, 97 - 117, 30.06.2024

Serkan Coşkun , Meliha Demet Ulusoy

https://doi.org/10.13114/mjh.1447477

Öz

Human history, while witnessing significant advancements and progress, has also been subjected to substantial destruction due to natural disasters and risks arising from human-nature interactions. These experiences have pushed the boundaries of individuals and communities, enhancing their resilience and ability to cope with disasters. However, each success and preventive measure has led to the emergence of more complex risks and dangers, increasing the severity of losses and the experienced events and complicating their manageability. In this context, a vast body of literature has developed on how to enhance the resilience of individuals and communities against various risks and disasters. This study, starting from this point, examines how individual and societal vulnerability and resilience are grounded in the international literature. Thus, it aims to expand the operational and conceptual understanding of the national disaster literature and propose a model. In this regard, data from the international literature have been analyzed using a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with the PRISMA protocol. The findings underscore the central role of resilience and vulnerability concepts in disaster management and the importance of social, economic, human, physical, and cultural capital in this context. Additionally, it suggests adding social ecosystem capital as an alternative dimension of capital to the model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Management, vulnerability, Resilience, Capital, Social Ecosystem Capital

Afetler Karşısında Kırılganlık ve Dirençliliği Temellendirmek: Sermaye Temelli Bütüncül Bir Bilişsel ve Operasyonel Model Önerisi

Öz

İnsanlık tarihi, büyük gelişmeler ve ilerlemelere tanık olduğu kadar, doğal ve insan-doğa etkileşimli riskler ve afetlerle de büyük yıkımlara maruz kalmıştır. Bu deneyimler, insanların ve toplumların sınırlarını zorlayarak ve dayanıklılıklarını artırarak afetlere karşı başa çıkma kabiliyetlerini geliştirmelerine yol açmıştır. Ancak her başarı ve önlem, daha karmaşık risklerin ve tehlikelerin ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur, bu da kayıpların ve tecrübe edilen olayların şiddetini artırmış ve yönetilebilirliğini zorlaştırmıştır. Bu eksende, afetlere ve çeşitli risklere karşı bireylerin ve toplumların direncinin nasıl arttırabileceğine ilişkin geniş bir literatür oluşmuştur. Çalışma, bu noktadan hareketle birey ve toplumsal kırılganlık ve dirençliliğin uluslararası literatürde nasıl temellendirildiğini incelemektedir. Böylelikle, ulusal afet literatürünün operasyonel ve kavramsal anlayışını genişletmeyi ve bir model önerisi sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda, PRISMA protokolü kullanılarak yapılan sistematik derleme ve meta-analiz ile uluslararası literatürden elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, direnç ve kırılganlık kavramlarının afet yönetimindeki merkezi rolünü ve sosyal, ekonomik, insani, fiziki ve kültürel sermayenin bu bağlamdaki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Aynı zamanda sermaye yaklaşımlarına ek sosyal ekosistem sermayesini de alternatif bir sermaye boyutu olarak modele eklemeyi önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Afet yönetimi, Kırılganlık, Dirençlilik, Sermaye, Sosyal Ekosistem Sermayesi, Meta-analiz

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