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Abstract

Cultured plants are often exposed to some environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, high or low temperature, which either restrict or negatively affect the productivity. These stress factors greatly limits productivity at agricultural production in the world and our country. Traditional breeding methods, biotechnological approaches, molecular marker and transgenic technologies and applied to cope with stress conditions, and development of tolerant species and genotypes are among the most efficient solutions in plant growth. However, these methods can usually be time consuming, expensive and rather complicated. Recently, scientists have intensively studied the use of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in conferred tolerance to plants growing under stress conditions. It was concluded that increasing N fixation of PGPB, the solubility of phosphorus, water use efficiency and phytohormone production (e.g. auxin, cytokinin or gibberellin), and activating the uptake of nutrients by plants or decreasing ethylene levels through enzymatic methods put a positive effect on growth and yield of plants growing under abiotic stress conditions. In this review, possibilities of using and the effect of PGPB on growth and crop yield of plants grown under drought stress conditions were evaluated

Keywords

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Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Eden Bakteri Uygulamalarının Bitkilerde Kuraklığa Toleransı Artırmadaki Etkileri

Öz

Kültür bitkileri verimliliği sınırlayan tuzluluk, kuraklık, yüksek veya düşük sıcaklık gibi bazı çevresel streslere maruz kalmaktadırlar. Dünyada ve ülkemizde söz konusu stres faktörleri tarımsal üretimde verimliliği önemli ölçüde sınırlamaktadır. Stres koşullarıyla mücadelede geleneksel ıslah metotları, biyoteknolojik yaklaşımlar, moleküler marker ve transgenik teknolojilerin kullanımı ile dayanıklı tür, çeşit veya genotiplerin geliştirilmesi bitkisel üretimde en etkin çözüm yolları arasındadır. Ancak bu yöntemler genellikle zaman alıcı, pahalı ve oldukça karmaşık olabilmektedir. Son zamanlarda, stres koşullarında yetiştirilen bitkilere tolerans kazandırmada bitki gelişimini teşvik eden bakteri kullanımı bilim insanları tarafından yoğun olarak araştırılmaktadır. Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden bakterilerin azot fiksasyonuyla, fosforun çözünürlüğünü, su kullanım etkinliğini ve bitkisel hormon üretimini (oksin, stokinin ve giberellin) artırarak, besin elementlerinin bitki tarafından alımını etkinleştirerek veya bitkide etilen seviyesinin enzimatik yolla azaltmasıyla abiotik stres şartlarında yetiştirilen bitkilerde bitki gelişimi ve verim üzerine olumlu etki yapabildikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, bitki gelişimini teşvik eden bakterilerin (PGPB, Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria), kuraklık stresi şartlarında yetiştirilen bitkilerde bitki gelişimi ve verim üzerine etkileri ve kullanım olanakları incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bakteri, Bitki gelişimi, Kuraklık Stresi, Tolerans, Aminosiklopropan Karboksilat Deaminaze (ACCD), Stres Etileni

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakteri, Bitki gelişimi, Kuraklık Stresi, Tolerans, Stres Etileni

Kaynakça

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