An Evaluation of Combine Harvester Accidents in Turkey

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 137 - 147, 25.12.2018

Muharrem Keskin , Yunus Emre Şekerli

Öz

There are over 17 000 combine harvesters in Turkey
harvesting over 10 million ha of cereal, corn, soybean and sunflower crops. No
study was found on combine harvester accidents in Turkey; thus, the aim of this
study was to examine the combine harvester accidents towards understanding and
decreasing the injuries, fatalities, and monetary losses. Accident data were
obtained based on accident news and included accident type, place (road, field,
region, province), time (month, day), driver age and gender, etc. A total of
194 accidents between 2002 and 2017 were studied. 116 of the incidents (59.8%)
occurred on fields while 78 of them (40.2%) were on road traffic. The total
number of casualties were 228 (61 killed and 167 injured). Field accidents were
more fatal than the road accidents (25.0% vs. 9.0%). The most two common
incident types were fires (41.4%) and entanglement of body parts to machinery
(25.9%) in field incidents while crash / collision (65.4%) and rollover (16.7%)
in road incidents. Incidents were more frequent in Southeast Anatolian (25.9%)
region and Central Anatolian (30.8%) region in field and road accidents,
respectively. Both field (72.4%) and road (75.6%) accidents occurred dominantly
in summer months. In 65.5% of the field accidents and 91.4% of the road
accidents, the victims were transferred to the hospitals by ambulances. All
operators (100%) were male in both field and road incidents. As most accidents
are of human error, safety training and inspection are needed to reduce the
incidents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agriculture, Machinery, Combine harvester, Safety, Accident

Türkiye’de Yaşanan Biçerdöver Kazaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Türkiye’de
10 milyon ha’dan fazla alanda tahıl, mısır, soya ve ayçiçeği hasadı yapan
17 000’inin üzerinde biçerdöver bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de biçerdöver
kazaları ile ilgili bir çalışma bulunamamıştır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı,
biçerdöver kazalarını; yaralanma, ölüm ve maddi kayıpları anlama ve azaltmaya
yönelik olarak incelemektir. Çalışma verileri kaza haberlerinden; kaza tipi (tarla,
yol, bölge, il), zaman (ay, gün), operatör yaşı ve cinsiyeti gibi bilgileri
içerecek şekilde elde edilmiştir. 2002 ve 2017 yılları arasında gerçekleşmiş
toplam 194 kaza incelenmiştir. Kazalardan 116’sı (%59.8) tarlada gerçekleşirken
78’i (%40.2) yollarda meydana gelmiştir. Toplam kazazede sayısı 228 (61 ölü ve
167 yaralı) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yollarda meydana gelen kazaların tarladakilere
göre daha ölümcül olduğu belirlenmiştir (%25.0 ve %9.0). Yol kazalarında en çok
görülen kaza tipleri; çarpma / çarpışma (%65.4) ve devrilme (%16.7)
iken, tarla kazalarında yangın (%41.4) ve vücudun bir bölümünün makineye
kaptırılması (%25.9) olarak belirlenmiştir. Tarla ve yol kazalarının en sık
gerçekleştiği bölgeler sırasıyla Güneydoğu Anadolu (%25.9) ve İç Anadolu
Bölgesi (%30.8) olmuştur. Hem tarla (%72.4) hem yol (%75.6) kazalarının büyük
bir bölümü yaz aylarında olmuştur. Tarla kazalarının %65.5’i, yol kazalarının
%91.4’ünde kazazedeler hastaneye ambulans ile taşınmıştır. Hem tarla hem yol
kazalarına karışan operatörlerin hepsinin (%100) erkek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kazaların
çoğunlukla insan hatasından kaynaklandığı dikkate alındığında, kazaların
azaltılması için etkin bir iş güvenliği eğitimi ve denetiminin gerekli olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarım, Makine, Biçerdöver, Güvenlik, Kaza

Kaynakça

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