A Geometric Method on Facade Form Design with Voronoi Diagram

Abstract

Voronoi is a stochastic pattern that is the result of structural formation with the least material and least energy in nature. Therefore, Voronoi, which has become a biomimetic pattern, is a source of inspiration in architectural design and it has been increasingly used in this field. Modern design methods make it possible to adapt the process of self-organization of biological structures to architecture using mathematical models such as Voronoi. Especially on the facade, it is used on randomness and therefore irregularity as in nature and these irregular forms can be built thanks to the possibilities provided by technology. However, randomness limits the designer's ability to interfere with the form. In this study, a method was presented which including modeling process and material usage amount using Rhinoceros and Grasshopper software. With this method, it was aimed to make Voronoi a tool that the designer can control the process while producing patterns and to create a regular and systematic design principle by integrating it with the balance principle of geometry. The patterns whose impact areas were changed with symmetry, asymmetry and radial balance approaches were evaluated by comparing the amount of material used and their effect on the application process was evaluated. As a result, it was determined that similar increases occurred between the level of inclusion of direction and movement in the design and the level of randomness in the process of determining the most efficient one among alternative patterns in terms of material usage, as in nature.

Keywords

• Architectural Facade Design
• Voronoi Diagram
• Computer-Based Design
• Biomimetic Pattern
• Principle of Balance in Geometry

Voronoi Diyagramı ile Mimari Cephe Tasarımı Üzerine Geometrik Bir Yöntem

Öz

Voronoi doğada en az malzeme ve en az enerji ile yapısal biçimlenmenin bir sonucu olan stokastik bir desendir. Bu sebeple biyomimetik bir desen olma özelliği kazanan Voronoi, mimari tasarıma ilham kaynağı olmakta ve bu alandaki kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Modern tasarım yöntemleri, matematiksel modeller kullanarak Voronoi gibi biyolojik yapıların özörgütlenme sürecinin mimariye uyarlanmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Özellikle cephedeki kullanımı doğada olduğu gibi rastgelelik ve dolayısıyla düzensizlik üzerine kurulu olmakta ve teknolojinin verdiği imkânlar sayesinde bu düzensiz biçimler inşa edilebilmektedir. Ancak rastgelelik, tasarımcının biçime müdahale etme durumunu kısıtlamaktadır. Çalışmada Rhinoceros ve Grasshopper yazılımları kullanılarak modelleme süreci ve malzeme kullanım miktarı bilgisini içeren bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Bu yöntem ile Voronoi’yi, tasarımcının desen üretirken süreci kontrol edebildiği bir araç haline getirmek ve geometrinin denge ilkesi ile bütünleştirerek düzenli ve sistematik bir tasarım prensibi oluşturmak amaçlanmaktadır. Simetri, asimetri ve radyal denge yaklaşımları ile etki alanları değiştirilen desenler, kullanılan malzeme miktarına yönelik karşılaştırma ile ele alınmış ve uygulama sürecine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, alternatif desenler arasından malzeme kullanımı bakımından, doğada olduğu gibi, en verimli olanı tespit etme sürecinde yön ve hareketin tasarıma dahil edilme düzeyi ile rastgelelik düzeyi arasında benzer artışların oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Voronoi Diyagramları
• Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım
• Biyomimetik Desen
• Cephe Tasarımı
• Geometride Denge İlkesi

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