Hasta Başı Testlerin Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetlerine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 45 - 53, 24.03.2025

Salih Adil Berktaş , Mustafa Necmi İlhan

https://doi.org/10.55517/mrr.1604397

Öz

Bu derleme, hasta başı testlerin (HBT) birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri üzerine mevcut ve potansiyel etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. HBT, hasta başında veya merkezi laboratuvarların dışında test yapma olanağı sağlayarak hızlı ve eyleme geçirilebilir tanısal bilgi sunmaktadır. Böylelikle teşhis sürecini kısaltmakta, özellikle acil sağlık hizmetleri veya kronik hastalık yönetiminde müdahalelerin doğru zamanlı olarak düzenlenmesine imkân tanımaktadır. HBT’lerin birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri kapsamında kullanım alanı oldukça geniştir. Bulaşıcı hastalıklar (örneğin; HİV, sıtma ve tüberküloz) için hızlı testlerin, kaynakların kısıtlı olduğu bölgelerde erken teşhis ve tedaviye katkı sunduğu gösterilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, diyabet ve hipertansiyon gibi kronik hastalıkların kontrolünün sağlanmasında, hasta başında ölçülebilen kan şekeri veya HbA1c seviyeleri önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda troponin gibi biyobelirteçlerin hızlı tayini de özellikle acil durumlarda mortalite oranlarının azalması ile sonuçlanan zaman tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. HBT’nin sunduğu en önemli avantajlardan biri, test sonucuna hızlı erişimle hasta memnuniyetini artırması ve gereksiz sevkleri azaltmasıdır. Bu durum hem hasta hem de sağlık sistemi açısından maliyet etkili olmakta, sağlık hizmeti sunumunu hızlandırmakta ve ikinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarının yükünü hafifletmektedir. Bununla birlikte, HBT’lerin klinik doğruluk, profesyonel eğitim ihtiyacı, altyapı eksikliği ve tedarik zinciri yönetimi gibi konularda bazı zorluklar barındırdığı da unutulmamalıdır. Bu zorlukları aşmak için kalite kontrol mekanizmalarının standardize edilmesi, teknolojik gelişmelerin desteklenmesi ve sağlık hizmeti sunucularının bu testleri uygulama konusunda sürekli mesleki eğitime tabii tutulması önem taşımaktadır. Sonuç olarak, HBT’ler; bulaşıcı hastalıklar, kronik hastalık yönetimi ve anne-çocuk sağlığı gibi pek çok alanda birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri için kritik bir araçtır. Hem yüksek gelir düzeyine sahip hem de kaynakların kısıtlı olduğu ortamlarda uygulanabilirliği, test sonuçlarının dakikalar içinde alınabilmesi ve hasta merkezli bakıma uyum sağlaması, HBT’nin gelecekte sağlık sistemlerinde daha fazla benimsenebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetleri, Hasta Başı Test, Halk Sağlığı

The Impact of Point-of-care Testing on Primary Healthcare

Öz

This review aims to explore the current and potential impact of point-of-care testing (POCT) on primary healthcare. POCT provides rapid and actionable diagnostic information by enabling testing at the point of care or out of centralized laboratories. Thus, it shortens the diagnostic process and enables the timely organization of interventions, especially in emergency health services or chronic disease management. POCTs are widely used in primary healthcare. Rapid tests for infectious diseases (e.g. HIV, malaria and tuberculosis) have been shown to contribute to early diagnosis and treatment in resource-limited settings. In addition, blood glucose or HbA1c levels that can be measured at the point of care play an important role in managing chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Rapid measurement of biomarkers such as troponin in cardiovascular diseases also saves time, resulting in reduced mortality rates, especially in emergency situations. One of the most important advantages offered by POCT is the rapid access to test results, which increases patient satisfaction and reduces unnecessary referrals. This is cost-effective for both the patient and the healthcare system, accelerates healthcare delivery and relieves the burden on secondary healthcare organizations. However, it should be noted that POCTs have some challenges in terms of clinical accuracy, need for professional training, lack of infrastructure and supply chain management. To overcome these challenges, it is important to standardize quality control mechanisms, support technological advances, and provide continuous professional training for healthcare providers on the implementation of these tests. In conclusion, POCTs are a critical tool for primary healthcare in many areas such as infectious diseases, chronic disease management and maternal and infant health. Its applicability in both high-income and resource-limited settings, the ability to obtain test results within minutes, and its adaptability to patient-centered healthcare suggest that POCT may further be adopted in health systems in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Primary Healthcare, Point-of-care Testing, Public Health

Kaynakça

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