Evaluation of some tumor markers, acute phase proteins, sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid before and after chemotherapy in stomach cancer

Öz

Objective:  It was aimed to compare the some tumor markers, acute phase proteins, sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid levels in patients with stomach cancer before and after chemotherapy to the healthy controls. Material and Methods:  Forty-eight patients with stomach adenocarcinoma and 20 healthy controls, totally 68 subjects were used. Blood samples were taken from all patients before and after chemotherapy and controls to analyse the levels of tumor markers (CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA), acute phase proteins (CRP and fibrinogen) and SA (sialic acid), LSA (lipid bound sialic acid). Results:  Before chemotherapy the serum levels of CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CEA SA, LSA, CRP and fibrinogen (107.30 U/ml, 65.74 U/ml, 295.86 U/ml, 108.57 ng/ml, 199.60 mg/dl, 41.89 mg/dl, 86.03 mg/l and 469.42 mg/dl ) were higher than after chemotherapy group (36.46 U/ml, 34.00 U/ml, 100.18 U/ml, 20.20 ng/ml, 87.67 mg/dl, 31.06 mg/dl, 57.04 mg/l and 379.04 mg/dl) and the controls (8.64 U/ml, 21.65 U/ml, 21.52 U/ml, 2.77 ng/ml, 73.75 mg/dl, 27.47 mg/dl, 2.37 mg/l, 303.5 mg/dl). Conclusion:  The serum levels of SA and LSA may be considered the indicators of poor/good prognosis of stomach cancer. CRP and fibrinogen are suggested as available biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with stomach cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acute phase proteins, sialic acid, lipid bound sialic acid, stomach cancer, tumor markers

Evaluation of some tumor markers, acute phase proteins, sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid before and after chemotherapy in patients with stomach cancer

Öz

Kaynakça

1. Turkdogan MK, Akman N, Tuncer I et al.: Epidemiological aspects of endemic upper gastrointestinal cancers in Eastern Turkey. Hepato-Gastroenterology 52, 496-500 (2005)
2. Hanna EYN, Papay FA, Gupa MK: Head Neck. 12, 50-59 (1990).
3. Perkins GL, Slater ED, Sanders GK, Prichard JG: Serum Tumor Markers. Am Fam Physician. 68,1075-1082 (2003).
4. Pönniö M, Alho H, Nikkari ST, Olsson U, Rydberg U, Sillanuaukee P: Serum sialic acid in a random sample of the general population. Clin Chem. 45,1842-1849 (1999).
5. Yogeeswaran G: Cell surface glycolipids and glycoproteins in malignant transformation. Adv Cancer Res. 38, 289-350 (1983).
6. Kaplan J, Moskowitz M: Studies on the turnover of plasma membranes in cultured mammalina cells. I. Rates of synthesis and degradation of plasma membrane proteins and carbohydrates. Biochim Biophys Acta. 389, 290-305 (1975).
7. Dinarello CA: The acute phase response, Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 286,1571-1573 (1992).
8. Ljunberg B, Grankvist K, Rasmuson T: Serum Interleukin -6 in relation to acute-phase reactants and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 33, 1794-1798 (1997).

9. Nikiteas N, Tzanakis N, Gazouli M et al.: Serum IL-6, TNF-α and CRP levels in colorectal cancer patients: Prognostic implications. World J Gastroenterol. 11, 1639-1643 (2005).
10. Bloomston M, Zhou JX, Rosemurgy AS et al.: Fibrinogen γ overexpression in pancreatic cancer identified by large-scale proteomic analysis of serum samples. Cancer Res. 66, 2592-2599 (2006).
11. Takeuchi H, Ikeuchi S, Kitagawa Y et al.: Pretreatment plasma fibrinogen level correlates with tumor progression and metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Gastr Hepatol. 10,1440-1446 (2006).
12. Yamashita H, Kitayama J, Nagawa H: Hyperfibrinogenemia is a useful predictor for lymphatic metastasis in human gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 35, 595-600 (2005).
13. Katapodis N, Hirshaut Y, Geller N, Stock CC: Lipid associated sialic acid test for the detection of human cancer. Cancer Res. 42, 5270-5275 (1982).
14. Sydow GA: Simplified quick method for determination of sialic acid in serum. Biomed Biochim Acta. 44, 1721-1723 (1985).
15. Gottschalk A, Drzenick R: Neuraminidase as a structural analysis: Glycoproteins, their composition structure and function, 2nd Ed, Elsevier, Publishing Co, Amsterdam 402-447 (1972).
16. Whitehouse MV, Lilliken F: Isolation and determination of neuraminic (sialic) acid, method of the biochemical analysis, In: D Glick, Editor, Vol XIII, Interscience Publishers NewYork 199-220 (1963).
17. Dnistrian AM, Schwartz MK, Katopodis N, Fracchia AA, Stock CC: Serum lipid-bound sialic acid as a marker in breast cancer. Cancer. 50, 1815-1819 (1982).
18. Nisellbaum JS, Simith CA, Scwartz D, Scwartz MK: Comparison of Roch EIA, Hybritech EIA and Abbott EIA methods for measuring carcinoembrionic antigen. Clin Chem. 34, 761-764 (1988).
19. Baudner S, Bienvenu J, Blirup-Jensen S: The certification of a matrix reference material for immunochemical measurement of 14 human serum proteins. CRM 470. Brussels: Community Bureau of Reference, Commission of the European Communities. BCR Information, Reference Materials. report EUR 15243 EN (ISSN 1018-5593): 1-172 (1993).
20. Whicher JT, Ritchie RF, Johnson AM et al.: New international reference preparation for proteins in human serums (RPPHS). Clin Chem. 40, 934-938 (1994)
21. Von Clauss A. Gerinnungphysiologische Schnellmethode zur bestimmung des fibrinogen. Acta Haematol 1957; 17: 237–46.
22. Mihmanlı M, Dilege E, Demir U, Coşkun H, Eroglu T, Uysalol MD: The use of tumor markers as predictors of prognosis in gastric cancer. Hepatogastroenterol. 51, 1544-1547 (2004).
23. Yamao T, Kai S, Kazami A: Tumor markers CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125 in monitoring of systemic chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 29, 525-526 (1999).
24. Yamamoto M, Baba H, Kakeji Y et al.: Prognostic significance of tumor markers in peritoneal lavage in advanced gastric cancer. Oncology. 67, 19-26 (2004).
25. Takahashi Y: Gastrointestinal cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 31, 1275-1279 (2004).
26. Webb A, Scott-Mackie P, Cunningham D. The prognostic value of CEA, beta HCG, AFP, CA 125, CA 19-9 and C-erb B-2, beta HCG immunohistochemistry in advanced colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 6, 581-587 (1995).
27. Dwivedi C, Dixit M, Hardy RE: Plasma lipid-bound sialic acid alterations in neoplastic diseases. Experientia. 46, 91-94 (1990).
28. Shamberger RJ: Evaluation of water soluble and lipid soluble sialic acid levels as tumor markers. Anticancer Res. 6, 717-720 (1986).
29. Calatroni A, Cordaro V, Salpietro C, Barberi I. Erythrocyte membrane sialic acid in new-born infants. Acta Haematol. 71,198-203 (1984).
30. Singhal A, Hakomori S: Molecular changes in a carbonhydrate antigens associated with cancer. Bioassays. 12, 223-230 (1990).
31. Thomas P: Cell surface sialic acid as a mediator of metastatic potential in colorectal cancer. Cancer J. 9, 1-6 (1996).
32. Tewarson SL, Mittal VP, Singh M, Gupta GP: Serum sialic acid-an important cancer marker. Indian J Cancer. 30, 125-131 (1993).
33. Shamberger RJ: Serum sialic acid in normal and in cancer patients. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 22, 647-651 (1984).
34. Krasnodebski IW: Usefullness of biochemical tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9, ferritin, and sialic acid) in diagnosis and prognosis of colonic neoplasms. Wiad Lek. 51, 132-141 (1998).
35. Raval GN, Patel DD, Parekh LJ, Patel, JB, Shah MH, Patel PS: Evaluation of serum sialic acid, sialyltransferase and sialoproteins in oral cavity cancer. Oral Dis. 9: 119-128 (2003).
36. Deans DA, Wigmore SJ, Gilmour H: Elevated tumour interleukin-1beta is associated with systemic inflammation: A marker of reduced survival in gastro-oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer. 95, 1568-1575 (2006).
37. Wu CW, Wang SR, Chao MF et al.: Serum IL-6 levels reflect disease status of gastric cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 91, 1417-1422 (1996).
38. Fukata T, Fukino S, Hayashi E, Okada K, Tamai N, Nakashima H: A case of G-CSF-producing large cell carcinoma of the lung with gastric metastasis. Kyobu Geka. 53, 798-803 (2000).
39. Tsavaris N, Vonorta K, Tsoutsos H et al.: CEA, AFP, CA 19-9 and CA 125 in advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Int J Biol Markers. 8, 88-93 (1993).
40. Iijima S, Shiba K, Kimura M, Nagai K, Iwai T: Changes of alpha1-acid glycoprotein microheterogeneity in acute inflammation stages analyzed by isoelectric focusing using serum obtained postoperatively. Electroph. 21, 753-759 (2000).41.
41. Di Micco P, Romano M, Niglio A et al.: Alteration of haemostasis in non-metastatic gastric cancer. Dig Liver Dis. 33, 546-550 (2001).
42. Lee JH, Ryu KW, Kim S, Bae JM: Preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels in gastric cancer patients correlate with extent of tumor. Hepatogastroenterol. 51, 1860-1863 (2004).
43. Palumbo JS, Kombrinck KV, Drew AF et al.: Fibrinogen is an important determinant of the metastatic potential of circulating tumor cells. Blood. 96, 3302-3309 (2000).
44. Yamamura T: Hematological disorders in patients with gastric cancer. Nippon Geka Gakkai Nasshi. 85, 675-685 (1984).
45. Brajerski W, Sikorska K, Bisztyga A, Ilenda M: Blood fibrinogen level in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Pol Med Sci Hist Bull. 15, 557-560 (1975)
46. Wu S, Zheng D, Lin Q: Clinical study on hemorrhagic changes for metastatic state of gastric cancer and its relationship with syndrome-type in traditional Chinese medicine. Zhongguo Zhong. 20, 583-585 (2000)
47. Wang KJ, Wang RT, Zhang JZ: Identification of tumor markers using two dimensional electrophoresis in gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 10, 2179-2183 (2004).