Analysis of The Patients with Lichenoid Drug Reactions: A Retrospective Study.

Öz

Objective: Lichenoid drug reactions (LDR) are a rarely known type of drug reaction that resembles lichen planus. The exact etiology of LDR is not known but it is thought to be caused by the triggering of all kinds of chemical substances. In this study; we aimed to investigate the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients who were diagnosed with LDR. Material and Method: The files of 56 LDR patients who were followed in our outpatient clinic among 2011 - 2016 have been reviewed retrospectively. The demographic characteristics, the drugs considered to cause reaction, the presence of multiple drug usage, the duration between drug intake and appearance of the initial skin eruption, clinical findings, lesion locations, laboratory findings and associated diseases have been recorded. Results: Out of the 56 LDR patients, who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed and followed, 36 were female and 20 were male. The average age was 52.8 (19-86 years of age). The duration of the symptoms was between 1-3 months in 58.9% of the patients, between 3-12 months in % 17.8, between 1 to 30 days in % 14.2 (n=8) and more than 1 year in 8.9% of the patients.48.2% (n = 27) of the lesions were on the extremities, 37.5 % were generalized, 7.1% were invers type. The most frequently accused drug groups were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and antihypertensive. Conclusions: It has been found that the use of NSAID, and cardiovascular drugs on their own and / or in combination with other medications often led to lichenoid drug reactions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lichenoid,drug,reaction,nonsteroidal,anti-inflammatory,antihypertensive

Kaynakça

1. 1. Dinçer D. Drug Reactions in Dermatology. Turk J Dermatol 2013;7: 179-84.
2. 2. Erkek E. Kutanozilac reaksiyonları. In: Tuzun Y, Gurer MA, Serdaroğlu S, Oğuz O, Aksungur VL (editorler). Dermatoloji 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2008:269-316.
3. 3. Shiohara T, Kano Y. Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatosus. In Dermatology (Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP et al, eds) 2nd edn. Newyork: Mosby, USA 2008;159-80.
4. 4. Ozturk HZY, Sarıcaoğlu H, Yazıcı S,et al. Analysis of the inpatients with drug reactions: a retrospective study. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2010;36:75-80.
5. 5. Fiszenson-Albala F, Auzerie V, Mahe E, Farinotti R, etal. A 6-month prospective survey of cutaneous drug reactions in a hospital setting. Br J Dermatol 2003 Nov;149(5):1018-22.
6. 6. Qayoom S, Bisati S, Manzoor S, et al. Adverse cutaneous drug reactions-a clinico-demographic study in a tertiary care teaching hospital of the Kashmir Valley India. Arch Iran Med 2015 Apr;18(4):228-33.
7. 7. Turk BG, Gunaydin A, Ertam I, et al.. Adverse cutaneous drug reactions among hospitalized patients: five year surveillance. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2013;32(1):41-5.
8. 8. Akpinar F, Dervis E. Drugeruptions: An 8-year study including 106 inpatients at a dermatologyclinic in Turkey. Indian J Dermatol 2012;57(3):194-8.

9. 9. Dertlioğlu N, Çiçek D, Çoban FG. .Drug reactions seen among patients admitted to the dermatology department. Turkderm 2012;46: 130-3
10. 10. Ellgehausen P, Elsner P, Burg G. Drug-induced lichenplanus. ClinDermatol 1998;16(3):325-32
11. 11. Mittal N, Gupta M, Singla M. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions notifed by pharmacovigilange in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 33(4):289-293.
12. 12. Ahmed AM, Pritchard S, Reichenberg J. A review of cutaneous drug eruptions. Clin Geriatr Med 2013;29:527-45.
13. 13. Gupta M, Gupta H, Gupta A. Tenofovir induced lichenoid drug eruption. Avicenna J Med 2015;5(3):95-7.
14. 14. Sebök B, Tóth M, Anga, et al. Lichenoid drug eruption with HMG-Co a reductase inhibitors (fluvastatinandlovastatin). Acta Derm Venereol 2004;84(3):229-30.
15. 15. İyidal AY, Çokbankir Ö, Kılıç FA. Etanercept treatment induced lichenoid eruption: case report . Turkiye Klin J Dermatol 2016;26(1):59-62.
16. 16. Polat M, Üstün H. Oral and cutaneous lichenoid reaction secondary to standard döşe imatinib: a case report and literatur review. Gazi Medika Journal 2014;25: 157-60.
17. 17. Inoue A, Sawada Y, Ohmori S, et al. Lichenoid drug eruption caused by lima prostal fadex. Acta Derm Venereol 2016:2;96(7):997-8.
18. 18. Ghosh SK. Generalized lichenoid drug eruption associated with imatinib mesylate therapy. Indian J Dermatol 2013;58:388-92.
19. 19. Powell ML, Ehrlich A, Belsito DV. Lichenoid drug eruptionto salsalate. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45(4):616-9.
20. 20. Roten SV, Mainetti C, Donath R, et al. Enalapril-induced lichenplanus-like eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32(2 Pt 1):293-5.
21. 21. Ruiz-Villaverde R, Galan-Gutierrez M. Lichenoid drug eruption due to eprosartan/hydrochlorothiacide. Dermatol Reports 2011;Sep 28;3(2):e31.
22. 22. Aouam K, Ali HB, Youssef M, et al. Lichenoid eruption associated with hydrochloro thiazide and possible cross reactivity to furosemide. Therapie 2009;Sep-Oct;64(5):344-7.
23. 23. Sin B, Miller M, ChewE. Hydrochloro thiazide induced lichenplanus in the emergency department. J Pharmv Pract 2017;Apr;30(2):266-69.
24. 24. Hawk JL. Lichenoid drug eruption induced by propanolol. Clinv Exp Dermatol 1980;5(1):93-6.
25. 25. An I, Demir V, Akdeniz S. Lichenoid drug eruption induced by colchicine: case report. Cutan Oculv Toxicol 2017;36(2):199-200.
26. 26. Brauer J, Votava HJ, Meehan S, et al. Lichenoid drug eruption. Dermatol Online J 2009;Aug 15;15(8):13.
27. 27. Ruiz-Villaverde R, Galan-Gutierrez M. Lichenoid drug eruption due to eprosartan/hydrochlorothiacide. Dermatolv Reports 2011 Sep 28;3(2):e31.
28. 28. Zheng Y, Zhang J, Chen H, et al. Terbinafine-induced lichenoid drug eruption. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2017 Mar;36(1):101-103.
29. 29. Lee A, Thomson J Drug-induced skin reactions adverse drug reactions. 2nd edition ISBN 85369601 2 Pharmaceutical Press 2006;124-156.
30. 30. Halevy S, Sha i A. Lichenoiddrugeruptions. J AmAcadDermatol 1993;29:249-55.
31. 31. Lukacs J, Scliemann S, Elsner P. Lichen planus and lichenoid reactions as a systemic diseases. Clinics in Dermatology 2015; 33: 512-19.
32. 32. Gorouhi F, Davari P, Fazel N. Cutaneous and mucosal lichenplanus: a comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis. Scientific World Journal 2014 Jan 30;2014:742826. doi:10.1155/2014/742826.
33. 33. Sehgal VN, Srivastava G, Sharma S, et al.,Verma P. Lichenoid tissue reaction/interface dermatitis: recognition, classification, etiology, and clinico pathological over tones. Indian J DermatolVenereol Leprol 2011 Jul-Aug;77(4):418-29.
34. 34. Puavilai S, Choonhakarn C. Drugeruptions in Bangkok: a 1-year study at Ramathibodi Hospital. Int J Dermatol1998 Oct;37(10):747-51.
35. 35. Onat ŞŞ. Dermatological adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs. Journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation science J PMR Sci 2011;14: 105-13.
36. 36. Özkan Ş, İlknur T, Fetil E et al. Liken planusta ilaçla uyarılma. Dermatoz 2005;4(4):196- 201.
37. 37. Potts AJ, Hamburger J, Scully CT. The medication of patients with oral lichenplanus and the association of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with erosive lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987 Nov;64(5):541-3.
38. 38. Adisen E, Karaca F, Gurer AM. Drug reactions in dermatology. Turk J Dermatol 2008;2:1–5.
39. 39. Upadhayai JB, Nangia AK, Mukhija RD et al. Cutaneous reactions due to anti hypertensive drugs. Indian Journal of Dermatology2006 ;51,3:189-91.
40. 40. Fessa C, Lim P, Kossard S, et al. Lichen planus-like drug eruptions due to β-blockers: a case report and literatüre review. Am J ClinDermatol 2012 Dec 1;13(6):417-21. doi: 10.2165/11634590-000000000-00000.
41. 41. Roger D, Rolle F, Labrousse A et al. Simvastatin-induced lichenoid drug erupsion. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994:19:88-9.
42. 42. Başar I, Aydemir EH. Cutaneous adverse effects of cardiovasculary drugs. Cerrahpaşa J Med 1999; 30 (4): 286-97.
43. 43. Aydın Y, Karakuş G, Günaştı S. Psikotrop ilaçların dermatolojik yan etkileri. Klinik Psiko Farmakoloji Bülteni 2008;18,3:235-2
44. 44. Fernández-Torres R, Almagro M, del Pozo J, Robles O, et al. Lichenoid drug eruption induced by olanzapine. Actas Dermo sifiliograficas 2008 Apr;99(3):221-4
45. 45. Zaïem A, Sahnoun R, Badri T, et al. Lichen associated with metformin. Therapie. 2014 May-Jun;69(3):253-4. doi: 10.2515/Therapie/2014025. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
46. 46. Dilek N, Saral Y, Yüksel D, et al. Cutaneous drug reactions and causative drugs in patients aged 55 years and over. Turkiye Klin J Med Sci 2013;33(5):1295-301.
47. 47. Van den Haute V, Antoine JL, Lachapelle JM. Histopathological discriminant criteria between lichenoid drug eruption and idiopathic lichen planus: Retrospective study on selected samples. Dermatologica 1989;179(1):10-3. (PMID:2527767)
48. 48. Daoud MS, Pittelkow MR. Lichen planus. In: Fitzpatric’s Dermatology in General Medicine ( Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ ,Wolf K et al. eds)7th edn New York, McGrawHill , 2012 ;561-77.
49. 49. Boyvat A. İlaç erupsiyonlarında patogenez ve klinik özellikler. Türkiye Klin J Dermatol 2008;1:47-57.
50. 50. Carneiro SC, Azevedo-e-Silva MC, Ramos-e-Silva M. Drugeruptions in thenelderly. Clin Dermatol 2011;29(1):4