BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİNDE SİYASAL/YÖNETSEL BİÇİMLENİŞ VE YEREL YÖNETİMLER: ENDONEZYA DENEYİMİ

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 31, 129 - 170, 01.06.2019

Ayhan Melih Tezcan

Öz

Başkanlık sistemi ile yönetilen Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerinden Endonezya’da yerel yönetimlerin örgütlenmesine ilişkin giriş niteliğinde bir analiz sunmayı amaçlayan bu çalışmada, çözümleme düzeyi olarak ülkenin siyasal-yönetsel örgütlenmesi alınacaktır. Bugün Endonezya’da 1967-1998 yıllarını kapsayan ve devlet başkanı Suharto’un merkeziyetçi-otoriter rejiminde gelişen yönetsel pratikler dönüştürülmeye çalışılmakta ve devlet kurumları ile yönetsel pratikler yeniden düzenlenmektedir. Bu kapsamda, yerel yönetimlerin geliştirilmesi ve güçlendirilmesi de Suharto sonrası dönemin en önemli siyasal hedeflerinden biri olmuştur. Çalışmada, Endonezya’nın siyasal/toplumsal gelişimi, devlet örgütlenmesinin anayasal biçimselliği ile yerelin siyasal ve yönetsel biçimlenişi incelenecektir. Bu doğrultuda, Endonezya’da özellikle 1999 sonrasında başlayan ve “Büyük Patlama” olarak adlandırılan yerel yönetimlerin sayısal artışı sürecinde gerçekleşen, yerel siyasetin dönüşümü, yönetsel yapılanmada merkez-yerel ilişkilerinin gelişimi ve mali kaynakların bölüşümü tartışmaları ele alınacaktır. Yapılan çözümleme ile yerelin yönetsel yetkileri ve sorumlulukları artırılsa da iktisadi kaynakların bölüşümü ve kullanımı üzerindeki iktidarı bakımından merkezi yönetim karşısında özerkleşemediği savı ileri sürülecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endonezya, Devlet, Yerel Yönetimler, Adem-i Merkezileşme, Mali.

POLITICAL/ADMINISTRATIVE FORMATION AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS IN PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM: THE EXPERIENCE OF INDONESIA

Öz

In this study, which aims to provide an introductory analysis of the organization of local government in Indonesia being one of the Southeast Asian coun-tries governed by a presidential system, the political-administrative organization of Indonesia is going to be taken as the level of analysis. Today, the state and its institutions are being reorganized after the administrative practices and institutional arrangements developed in the centralist-authoritarian regime of President Suharto, between the period of 1967-1998. In this context, developing and strengthening local administrations has been one of the most significant targets of the post-Suharto period. This study is going to examine the political/social development of Indonesia, the constitutional formality of state organization, and the political and administrative form of the local. In particular, there is going to be discussions on quantitative increase of local administrations after 1999 in Indonesia called “Big Bang”, on transformation of local politics, development of centre-local relations in administrative structure and on distribution of financial resources. With the analysis, it is going to be asserted that the local could not be able to become autonomous against the central government in terms of its power over the distribution and the use economic resources even though the administrative power and responsibilities of the local being strengthened.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Indonesia, State, Local Administrations, Decentralization, Fiscal

Kaynakça

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