YASAMA, YÜRÜTME VE YARGI ORGANLARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE 2017 ANAYASA DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 42, 81 - 108, 29.06.2024

Cemaleddin Güvenç , Hakan Turan

https://doi.org/10.56524/msydergi.1296750

Öz

Günümüzde demokrasi türlerinden en işlevseli temsili demokrasi olup temsili demokrasinin vazgeçilmez unsuru ise siyasi partilerdir. Siyasi partilerin kurumsal hüviyete bürünmesi ve demokratik nitelik taşıyabilmesi de “seçimler” marifetiyle ortaya çıkmakta ve temsilciler düzenli aralıklarla yapılan seçimlerle belirlenmektedir. Demokrasiyle yönetilen ülkelerde, seçim dışında diğer önemli bir unsur ise ülkelerin hükümet sistemleridir. Kuvvetlerin birbirinden ayrılma düzeyi üzerinden şekillenen hükümet sistemleri, demokrasinin işleyişini etkilemektedir. Türkiye tarihsel geçmişinde hükümet sistemleri açısından farklı deneyimlere sahip durumdadır. 2017 Anayasa değişikliğiyle uygulamaya konulan ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi olarak da isimlendirilen Türk Tipi Başkanlık Sisteminin demokrasi ve hükümet sistemleri çerçevesinde doğru analiz edilmesi, yeni sistemin geleceği açısından önemlidir. Türk Tipi Başkanlık Sistemi 2017 Anayasa değişikliği çerçevesinde yasama, yürütme ve yargı erklerinde yapılan değişiklikler üzerinden şekillenmiştir. Bu sebeple söz konusu erklerde yapılan değişikliklerin ayrı ayrı temel başlıklar üzerinden değerlendirilmesi, yeni hükümet sisteminin sınırlarının belirlenmesi ve ileriki süreçte hükümet sisteminde meydana gelebilecek olası değişikliklerin demokrasi ekseninde, hukuka uygun ve rasyonel bir biçimde yapılması için katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Demokrasi, Anayasa, Hükümet Sistemleri, Türk Tipi Başkanlık Sistemi, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi, 2017 Anayasa Değişikliği

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