Askıda sediman konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesinde geleneksel yaklaşımlar, makine öğrenmesi ve yeni eğilimler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 8, 41 - 61, 15.12.2025

Gültekin Erten , Aytekin Erten

Öz

Askıda sediman konsantrasyonu; akarsu, delta ve kıyı ortamlarında su kalitesi, taşınım süreçleri ve morfodinamik değişimlerin anlaşılması açısından kritik bir göstergedir. Son 40 yılda uzaktan algılama teknikleri, saha gözlemleri ve makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerinin gelişmesiyle birlikte askıda sediman konsantrasyonu tahmini ve izlenmesine yönelik çok sayıda yöntem önerilmiştir.
Bu makale, dünya üzerinde farklı bölgelerde gerçekleştirilen çalışmaları inceleyerek askıda sediman konsantrasyonu araştırmalarındaki gelişmeleri özetlemektedir. Ele alınan literatür, üç ana
eksende gruplandırılmıştır: (i) optik uydu verilerinden türetilen bant oranları ve indekslere dayalı geleneksel yaklaşımlar, (ii) yapay zekâ ve hibrit modeller gibi veri odaklı yöntemler ve (iii) bölgesel
uygulamalar üzerinden sediman taşınımının iklim ve insan etkileriyle ilişkileri. Karşılaştırmalar, geleneksel bant oranı modellerinin özellikle küçük ve kapalı havzalarda halen etkin olduğunu, ancak geniş ölçekli izlemelerde makine öğrenmesi ve uydu tabanlı entegrasyonların doğruluğu belirgin şekilde artırdığını göstermektedir. Mevcut literatürdeki boşluklar arasında uzun dönemli
analizlerin sınırlı olması, topoğrafik ve iklimsel değişkenlerin çoğu modelde yetersiz temsil edilmesi ve kıyı-delta sistemlerinde Askıda sediman konsantrasyonunun doğrudan etkilerinin
az incelenmiş olması öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, gelecekte askıda sediman konsantrasyonu araştırmalarında uydu zaman serilerinin, ileri makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının ve çok ölçekli
çevresel değişkenlerin birlikte kullanılmasının yeni fırsatlar sunduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Askıda sediman konsantrasyonu , Uzaktan algılama , Makine öğrenmesi , Multispektral ve hiperspektral uydu verileri , Açıklanabilir yapay zekâ.

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar, yapıcı eleştirileri ve değerli katkılarıyla makalenin niteliğini artıran hakemlere, yönlendirici geri bildirimleri ve yapıcı önerileriyle makalenin yeni bir boyut kazanmasına katkı sağlayan dergi editörlüğüne, çalışmanın yürütülmesi sürecinde desteklerinden ötürü Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü’ne ve ihtiyaç duyulan veri tabanına erişim olanağı sunan Milli Kütüphane’ye katkılarından ötürü teşekkür ederler.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, yapıcı eleştirileri ve değerli katkılarıyla makalenin niteliğini artıran hakemlere, yönlendirici geri bildirimleri ve yapıcı önerileriyle makalenin yeni bir boyut kazanmasına katkı sağlayan dergi editörlüğüne, çalışmanın yürütülmesi sürecinde desteklerinden ötürü Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü’ne ve ihtiyaç duyulan veri tabanına erişim olanağı sunan Milli Kütüphane’ye katkılarından ötürü teşekkür ederler.

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