Evaluation of Electric Ships and Considered New Design Marine Cabin Combined with Solar Power

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 31.01.2023

Zuhal Er , Doguhan Ates

https://doi.org/10.52602/mtl.1036256

Öz

Demands for energy saving and emission reduction, and due to the restrictions imposed by the authorities, as well as most of new designs in the maritime field is oriented towards renewable energy sources. Solar energy and energy storage systems may a solution to the pollution problems, reducing CO2, SOX and NOX emissions and improving the ship's energy efficiency. Battery technologies emerge as a promising method to increase it. In this study, the recent electric ship markets have been examined with these respects.
Furthermore, this study has aimed presentation of considered new design Electric Battery Sea Cab which is under aware of the requirements in practical applications. We believe that the sea cab as a public transportation or barge ship with the use of renewable energy sources will save emission of the harmful gases from the sea vehicles and the amount of energy consumed. In this project, the considered cab is 14,95 meters long and 4 meters wide. Considering the average resistance value for 16 knots speed, it has examined that the motor to be used should provide approximately 200 HP power. Studies obtained the possibility to produce a public transportation vehicle that is both environmentally friendly and less costly by using renewable energy systems for sea cab. Our evaluations provide that it is inevitable that the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels with 30 times less carbon footprint compared to fuel will become wide spread and be preferred to energies that can be consumed over time. Consequently, the results of this study also service that alternative in ship technology information on the use of energy systems is provided. In addition, the new considered cab which represents showing that battery electrical ship can be achieved shall be interesting to the future focuses of the representatives of the maritime sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Battery Electric Boat, Small Sea Vehicle, Eco-friendly Ship, Green Sea Transportation, Solar Energy

Teşekkür

We would like to express our gratitude to Mediterranean Geosciences Union Annual Meeting (MedGU-21) admistration for oral short presentation opportunity , and to Ms. Gokcecicek Basargan (Travisions, 2016) who provided her support to Ates for the cab being considered.

Elektrikli Gemilerin Değerlendirilmesi ve Güneş Enerjisi İmkânıyla Birleştirilmiş Yeni Tasarımı Düşünülen Deniz Kabini

Öz

Enerji tasarrufu ve emisyon azatlım talepleri ve yetkililerin getirdiği kısıtlamalar nedeniyle denizcilik alanındaki yeni tasarımların çoğu yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmektedir. Güneş enerjisi ve enerji depolama sistemleri, CO2, SOX ve NOX emisyonlarını azaltarak ve geminin enerji verimliliğini artırarak kirlilik sorunlarına çözüm olabilir. Batarya teknolojileri, bunu artırmak için umut verici bir yöntem olarak karşımıza çıkıyor. Bu çalışmada son dönemdeki elektrikli gemi piyasaları bu açılardan incelenmiştir.
Ayrıca bu çalışma, pratik uygulamalardaki gereksinimlerin bilincinde olan yeni Elektrikli Bataryalı Deniz Kabini tasarım düşüncesini sunmak amaçlamıştır. Toplu taşıma aracı ya da yakıt ikmal teknesi olarak deniz kabininin, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı ile deniz araçlarından çıkan zararlı gazların salınmasını ve tüketilen enerji miktarını azaltacağına inanıyoruz. Bu projede tasarımı düşünülen kabin 14,95 metre uzunluğunda ve 4 metre genişliğinde. 16 knot hız için ortalama direnç değeri göz önüne alındığında, kullanılacak motorun yaklaşık 200 HP güç sağlaması gerektiği şekilde düşünülmüştür. Yapılan çalışmalarda deniz kabini için yenilenebilir enerji sistemleri kullanılarak hem çevre dostu hem de daha az maliyetli bir toplu taşıma aracı üretme imkânı elde edilmiştir. Değerlendirmelerimiz, yakıta göre 30 kat daha az karbon ayak izine sahip fotovoltaik (PV) panellerin kullanımının yaygınlaşmasının ve zamanla tüketilebilecek enerjilere tercih edilmesinin kaçınılmaz olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın sonuçları aynı zamanda gemi teknolojisinde alternatif olan enerji sistemlerinin kullanımına yönelik istatistiki bilgi hizmeti de vermektedir. Ayrıca akülü elektrikli geminin elde edilebileceğini göstermeyi temsil eden yeni tasarımı düşünülen kabin, denizcilik sektörü temsilcilerinin gelecek odakları için ilgi çekici olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Batarya Elektrik Bot, Küçük deniz Araçları, Çevre Dostu Gemi, Yeşil Deniz taşımacılığı, Güneş Enerjisi

Kaynakça

• Serra, P. and Fancello, G. (2020). Towards the IMO’s GHG Goals: A Critical Overview of the Perspectives and Challenges of the Main Options for Decarbonizing International Shipping, Sustainability 2020, 12, 3220; doi:10.3390/su12083220
• Tatar,V.,Ozer,M.B. (2018). The Impacts of Co2 Emissions From Maritime Transport On The Environment And Climate Change, International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT) 2018; Vol. 2, Issue 1, 5-24 ISSN: 2602-4160
• Faber, J., et all. (2021). Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020 Executive Summary, Copyright © International Maritime Organization 2020, Published in 2021 by the International Maritime Organization
• Spagnolo, G.,Papalillo, D., Martocchia, A., &Makary, G. (2012). Solar-Electric Boat. Journal Of Transportation Technologies, 02(02), 144-149. doi: 10.4236/jtts.2012.22015
• Gursu, H. (2014). Solar and Wind Powered Concept Boats: The Example of Volitan. MetuJournal Of TheFaculty of Architecture. doi: 10.4305/metu.jfa.2014.2.6
• Lan, H., Wen, S., Hong, Y.-Y., Yu, D. C., &Zhang, L. (2015). Optimal sizing of hybrid PV/diesel/battery in ship power system. Applied Energy, 158, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.031
• Milousi, M.,Souliotis, M., Arampatzis, G., Papaefthimiou, S. (2019). Evaluating the Environmental Performance of Solar Energy Systems Through a Combined Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Analysis. Sustainability, 11(9), 2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092539
• Sulligoi, G. (2016). All-Electric Ship Design: From Electrical Propulsionto Integrated Electrical and Electronic Power Systems, IEEE Transactıons on Transportatıon Electrıfıcatıon, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp: 507-521.
• Uludag E. C.,Turna I. B. ,Er Z. (2019). New PV Panel Construction and Analysis for Little Boat, 2nd ENRES, 11 Nisan.
• Todd, J. and Thorstensen, L. (2013). Analysis of the Electric Vehicle Industry, Creating The Clean Energy Economy, © Copyright 2013 International Economic Development Council
• Blue Green Alliance/American Council for Energy-Efficient Economy. (June 2012). Gearing Up: Smart Standards Create Good Jobs Building Cleaner Cars. Washington, D.C.
• IEA. (2021). Global EV Outlook 2021, Accelerating Ambitions Despite the Pandemic, IEA Publications International Energy Agency, Typeset in France by IEA - April 2021
• Hou, J. (2017). Control and Optimization of Electric Ship Propulsion Systems with Hybrid Energy Storage, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Electrical Engineering: Systems in the University of Michigan.
• Salem, A.A and Seddiek, I.S.(2016). Techno-Economic Approach to Solar Energy Systems on Board Marine Vehicles, Polish Maritime Research 3(91), Vol. 23; pp. 64-71, 10.1515/pomr-2016-0033.
• Deloitte’s Global Automotive Team, 2020, Electric Vehicles Setting a course for 2030, © 2020 Deloitte University EMEA CVBA. Responsible publisher: Deloitte University EMEA CVBA, with registered office at B-1831 Diegem, Berkenlaan 8b
• Esteve-Pérez, J., Gutiérrez-Romero, J.E. (2015). Renewable Energy Supply to Ships at port, Sixth International Workshop On Marine Technology, Martech, Cartagena, pp: 169-172, ISBN: 978-84-608-1708-6
• Jansen,M., Peters,R., Salazar-Xirinachs,J.M. (2011). Trade and Employment From Mythsto Facts, Copyright © International Labour Organization 2011 Fuels Institute, 2021, EVC, EV CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, Ricardo Inc. Detroit Technical Center Van Buren Twp., MI 48111 USA, ©2021 Fuels Institute
• BRE and RECC, 2016. Batteries and Solar Power: Guidance for Domestic and Small Commercial Consumers, BRE National Solar Centre and RECC, © BRE 2016. Copyright BRE Ltd
• Mordor, 2021, Sample; Electric Boat and Ship Market (2021 - 2026), Mordor Intelligence Industry Reports, received from email of [e-mail]
• Doerry, N.H. and Fireman,H. (2006). Designing All Electric Ships, Proceedings of the Ninth International Marine Design Conference, 16-19 May, Ann Arbor, MI
• Faturachman, D. (2018). The Utilization of Solar Cell System Design in the Ship, In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 129-137, DOI: 10.5220/0010039501290137, ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1, c 2021 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.
• Smith, K., Wood,E., Santhanagopalan, S., Kim, GH., Shi, Y., Pesaran, A., 2014. Predictive Models of Li-ion Battery Lifetime, 2014, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado IEEE Conference on Reliability Science for Advanced Materials and Devices Colorado School of Mines • Golden, Colorado • September 7-9, 2014 NREL/PR-5400-62813
• Sisson, M. and Gauthier, D., DMJM Harris, 2019, Solar power for marine terminals: generating energy and public acceptance, Received from https://www.porttechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PT38-15.pdf
• International Transport Forum, (2018). Reducing Shipping Ghg Emissions: Lessons from Port-Based Incentives ,© OECD/ITF 2018, receivedfromhttps://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/reducing-shipping-greenhouse-gas-emissions.pdf
• Sims R., R. Schaeffer, F. Creutzig, X. Cruz-Núñez, M. D’Agosto, D. Dimitriu, M.J. FigueroaMeza, L. Fulton, S. Kobayashi, O. Lah, A. McKinnon, P. Newman, M. Ouyang, J.J. Schauer, D. Sperling, and G. Tiwari, 2014, Transport. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, United Kingdomand New York, NY, USA.
• https://www.iea.org/articles/global-ev-data-explorer
• https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/electric-boat-and-ship-market
• https://www.sail-world.com/Australia/PlanetSolar-shes-arrived-First-around-the-world-on-solar-energy/-96885?source=google
• http://ecoship-pb.com/c/uploads/2017/11/Ecoship-Project-Description-2017.pdf
• https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/drivinggrowth.pdf
• https://www.designboom.com/technology/planetsolar-the-first-solar-powered-boat-around-the-world/
• https://www.planetsolar.swiss/en/world-premiere/boat/
• https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/advisories-and-debriefs/ABS_Hybrid_Advisory_17033.pdf
• https://www.wartsila.com/insights/article/green-shipping-is-the-new-gold
• https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/finance-insurance/moving-towards-global-green-ship-finance-market