THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE ON GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF TURKISH CONSUMERS OF GREEN PRODUCT

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Environmental Awareness
• Attitude
• Green purchase intention.

THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE ON GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF TURKISH CONSUMERS OF GREEN PRODUCT

Öz

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of environmental Awareness and attitude on green purchase intention towards green products of Turkish consumers, and the target population is individuals who use green products in Turkey. This study employs a quantitative method using a causal associative approach. An empirical survey was conducted to test the hypotheses, with a sample size of 527 eco-friendly green product consumers. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26 and conditional process modelling software, employing a multivariate approach to assess the study model's relationships. Moreover, the overall results have confirmed that environmental Awareness and attitude have the strongest direct influence on green purchase intention. Thus, the findings could provide insights important for environmental sustainability and the views of Turkish consumers in Turkey. The findings of this study could be useful for researchers and scholars to acquire understanding of theoretical perspectives on green purchasing, in addition to helping marketers to develop green marketing strategies for long-term competitive advantage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Environmental Awareness
• Attitude
• Green purchase intention.

Kaynakça

1. Aaker, D. A., & Jacobson, R. (1994). The financial information content of perceived quality. Journal of marketing research, 31(2), 191-201.
2. Abd Alia, Z. N., & ALhamad, A. M. (2022). Behavior Financial Theory and Analysis of Investor Behavior in the Capital Markets in Lebanon. Journal of Management and Economic Studies, 4(2), 82-90.
3. Abdulla, N., Wrya, H., & Durmaz, O. (2020). Green product perception in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Black Sea Journal of Management and Marketing, 1(1), 1-15.
4. Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and pro‐environmental behavior at workplace: The role of moral reflectiveness, coworker advocacy, and environmental commitment. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(1), 109-125.
5. Ahmed, E. R., Idres, N. F. M., Shaharudin, M. S., Suparman, S., & Kamal, A. (2020). Theory of Planned Behavior Environmental Management towards Environmental Behavior: A Mediating Effect of Islamic Knowledge and a Moderating Effect of Islamic Upbringing. Kresna Social Science and Humanities Research, 1, 1-8.
6. Ahmed, N., Li, C., Qalati, S. A., ur Rehman, H., Khan, A., & Rana, F. (2020). Impact of business incubators on sustainable entrepreneurship growth with mediation effect. Entrepreneurship Research Journal.
7. Ajzen, I. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predictiing social behavior. Englewood cliffs.
8. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.

9. Akram, M. Alhamad. Bassam, Riyadh. Hammoodi. Aljanabi. Athraa, Abdulkareem. Hameed. Almaali. (2022). The Relationship between Organizational Justice, Organizational Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case Study of the Employees of the Karabuk University. Sumerianz Journal of Business Management and Marketing, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-7.
10. Al-amri, A. K., Said, M., Al Kindi, K. S., & Ahmed, E. R. (2022). The Influence of Socio-Demographic Characteristic on Entrepreneurial Intention: An Empirical Study in Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 5(2), 275-282.
11. Albayrak, T., Aksoy, S., & Caber, M. (2013). The effect of environmental concern and scepticism on green purchase behaviour. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31(1), 27–39.
12. Al-Dmour, H., Aloqaily, A., Al-Qaimari, R., & Al-Hassan, M. (2021). The effect of the electronic word of mouth on purchase intention via the brand image as a mediating factor: an empirical study. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 24(2), 182-199.
13. Alhamad, A. M., Junoh, M. Z. B. H. M., & Salha, T. Green Products and Intention of Consumers: Overview Point.
14. Alhamad, A. M., Junoh, M. Z. B. M., & Eneizan, B. (2019). Green marketing strategies: Theoretical approach. American journal of economics and business management, 2(2), 77-94.
15. Alhamad, A. M., Osman, A., Manaf, A. H. B. A., Abdullah, M. S., & AlShatnawi, H. A. M. (2015). The Impact of Cross-Cultural Leadership on Management Performance in International Organizations: A Malaysian Perspective. Asian journal of social sciences & humanities, 4(3), 110-119. Al-Hashimy, H. N. H., Alabdullah, T. T. Y., Ries, E., Ahmed, M. A., Nor, M. I., & Jamal, K. A. M. (2022). The Impact of Financial Management Elements and Behavioral Intention on the Financial Performance.
16. Alshali, N. M., Alhattali, N. H., & Ahmed, E. R. (2021). Behavior of Consumers and Green Product: A Study in Oman. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 10(9), 40-51.
17. Aman, A. H. Lizawati, Amran Harun, and Zuhail Hussein. (2012). “The Influence of Environmental Knowledge and Concern on Green Purchase Intention: The Role of Attitude as a Mediating Variable.” British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 7 (2): 145–167.
18. Ansu-Mensah, P. (2021). Green product awareness effect on green purchase intentions of university students’: An emerging market’s perspective. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 1-13.
19. Aracioglu, B., & Tatlidil, R. (2009). Tuketicilerin Satin Alma Davranisinda Cevre Bilincinin Etkileri. Ege Academic Review, 9(2), 435-461.
20. Arli, D., Tan, L. P., Tjiptono, F., & Yang, L. (2018). Exploring consumers’ purchase intention towards green products in an emerging market: The role of consumers’ perceived readiness. International journal of consumer studies, 42(4), 389-401.
21. Ayub, Aynul Haydirah, Y. H. N. M. Naziman, and Muhammad Faizal Samat. (2018). “Factors Influencing Young Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Organic Food Product.” Advances in Business Research International Journal 4 (1): 17–26.
22. BAHSİ, N., Budak, D. B., Zaimoğlu, Z., & Aybüke, K. A. Y. A. (2022). Attitudes and Behaviors of People about Environment in Adana Province, Turkey. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 1672-1689.
23. Bartlett, M. S. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various χ 2 approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 296-298.
24. Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
25. Boztepe, A. (2012). Green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behavior. European Journal of Economic & Political Studies, 5(1).
26. Bryant, B., & Mohai, P. (2019). Race and the incidence of environmental hazards: A time for discourse. Routledge.
27. Bukhari, S. S. (2011). Green Marketing and its impact on consumer behavior. European Journal of Business and Management, 3(4), 375-383.
28. Carrington, M., Neville, B., & Whitwell, G. (2010). Why ethical consumers don’t walk their talk: Towards a framework for understanding the gap between the ethical purchase intentions and actual buying behaviour of ethically minded consumers. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(1), 139–158.
29. Chairunnisa MR, Perdhana MS (2020) The roles of environmental concern, green perceived value, subjective norms, and green trust towards green hotel purchase intention. Indones J Mark Sci 19(1):51–61. https://doi.org/10.14710/jspi.v19i1.51-61.
30. Chan, K. H., Chong, L. L., & Ng, T. H. (2022). Integrating extended theory of planned behaviour and norm activation model to examine the effects of environmental practices among Malaysian companies. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
31. Charton-Vachet, F., Lombart, C., & Louis, D. (2020). Impact of attitude towards a region on purchase intention of regional products: the mediating effects of perceived value and preference. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(7), 707-725. Chekima, B., Wafa, S. A. W. S. K., Igau, O. A., Chekima, S., & Sondoh Jr, S. L. (2016). Examining green consumerism motivational drivers: does premium price and demographics matter to green purchasing?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3436-3450.
32. Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, C.-H. (2012). Enhance green purchase intentions: The role of green perceived value, green perceived risk, and green trust. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(3), 502–520.
33. Cho, Y. N., Soster, R. L., & Burton, S. (2018). Enhancing environmentally conscious consumption through standardized sustainability information. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 52(2), 393-414.
34. Choi, D., & Johnson, K. K. (2019). Influences of environmental and hedonic motivations on intention to purchase green products: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 18, 145-155.
35. Costa, C. S. R., da Costa, M. F., Maciel, R. G., Aguiar, E. C., & Wanderley, L. O. (2021). Consumer antecedents towards green product purchase intentions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 313, 127964.
36. Dhandra, T. K. (2019). Achieving triple dividend through mindfulness: More sustainable consumption, less unsustainable consumption and more life satisfaction. Ecological economics, 161, 83-90.
37. Dholakia, U. M., Bagozzi, R. P., & Pearo, L. K. (2004). A social influence model of consumer participation in network- and small-group-based virtual communities. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(3), 241–263. doi: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.12.004
38. Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B., & Halkias, G. (2023). Why should you be concerned about different types of measurement?. In Taking the Fear Out of Data Analysis (pp. 22-40). Edward Elgar Publishing.
39. Diva VWMA (2020) Green purchase intention: the impact of green brand cosmetics (green brand knowledge, attitude toward green brand, green brand equity). Manag Sustain Dev J 2(1):79–103. https://doi.org/10.46229/msdj.v2i1.154.
40. Dresner, M., Handelman, C., Braun, S., & Rollwagen-Bollens, G. (2015). Environmental identity, pro-environmental behaviors, and civic engagement of volunteer stewards in Portland area parks. Environmental Education Research, 21(7), 991–1010. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2014.964188
41. Dwidienawati, D., Tjahjana, D., Abdinagoro, S. B., & Gandasari, D. (2020). Customer review or influencer endorsement: which one influences purchase intention more?. Heliyon, 6(11), e05543.
42. Ehrenberg, A. S. C., & Goodhardt, G. J. (1979). Essays on understanding buyer behavior. Walter Thompson Co. and Market Research Corporation of America, New York, NY.
43. Emekci, S. (2019). Green consumption behaviours of consumers within the scope of TPB. Journal of Consumer Marketing.
44. Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1986). Consumer behavior. Dryden Press.
45. Faraj, N. A. F., & Alhamad, A. M. (2022). The Effect of Online Classes on Students Performance During the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Virus “A Case Study at The University of Halabja in Northern Iraq”. Journal of Management and Education (JOMAE), 1(3), 18-35.
46. Fishbein, M. (1963). An investigation of the relationships between beliefs about an object and the attitude toward that object. Human relations, 16(3), 233-239.
47. Fraj, E., & Martinez, E. (2007). Ecological consumer behaviour: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31(1), 26–33. Ghofrani YR, Taleghani M, Chirani E (2017) Organic agriculture: food for future green consumers in Iran. Int J Agric Manag Dev 7(2):179–189.
48. Gleim, M. R., Smith, J. S., Andrews, D., & Cronin, J. J. (2013). Against the green: A multi-method examination of the barriers to green consumption. Journal of Retailing, 89(1), 44–61.
49. Grazzini, L., Acuti, D., Aiello, G., (2021). Solving the puzzle of sustainable fashion consumption. J. Clean. Prod. 287, 125579. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2020.125579.
50. Grewal, D., Krishnan, R. and Baker, J. (1998). The effect of store name, brand name and price discounts on consumers' evaluations and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 74(3), 331-352
51. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 85(2), 348.
52. Haugtvedt, C.P., & Petty, R.E. (1992). Personality and persuasion: Need for cognition moderates the persistence and resistance of attitude changes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 308-319.
53. Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet?. Journal of interactive marketing, 18(1), 38-52.
54. Heo, J., & Muralidharan, S. (2019). What triggers young Millennials to purchase eco-friendly products?: the interrelationships among knowledge, perceived consumer effectiveness, and environmental concern. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25(4), 421-437.
55. Holbrook, M.B. (2005). Customer value and autoethnography: subjective personal introspection and the meanings of a photograph collection. Journal of Business Research, 25: 45-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00079-1.
56. Hosta, M., & Zabkar, V. (2021). Antecedents of environmentally and socially responsible sustainable consumer behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 171(2), 273-293.
57. Howard, J. A., & Sheth, J. N. (1969). A Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley.
58. Hwang, J., Cho, S. B., & Kim, W. (2019). Philanthropic corporate social responsibility, consumer attitudes, brand preference, and customer citizenship behavior: Older adult employment as a moderator. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 47(7), 1-10.
59. Iftikhar, F., Asghar, A., & Khan, M. (2022). The Impact of Green Marketing and Environmental Awareness on Consumers Green and Conscious Consumption of Green Products. Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS), 6(2), 077-094.
60. Indriani, I. A. D., Rahayu, M., & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2019). The influence of environmental knowledge on green purchase intention the role of attitude as mediating variable. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(2), 627-635.
61. Jaiswal, D., Kaushal, V., Mohan, A., & Thaichon, P. (2022). Mobile wallets adoption: Pre-and post-adoption dynamics of mobile wallets usage. Marketing Intelligence & Planning.
62. Janmaimool, P., & Khajohnmanee, S. (2019). Roles of environmental system knowledge in promoting university students’ environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors. Sustainability, 11(16), 4270.
63. Johnstone, M.-L., & Tan, L. P. (2015a). Exploring the gap between consumers’ green rhetoric and purchasing behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(2), 311–328 Jung Chang, H., Yan, R. N., & Eckman, M. (2014). Moderating effects of situational characteristics on impulse buying. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(4), 298-314.
64. Jung, H. J., Choi, Y. J., & Oh, K. W. (2020). Influencing factors of Chinese consumers’ purchase intention to sustainable apparel products: Exploring consumer “attitude–behavioral intention” gap. Sustainability, 12(5), 1770.
65. Kahraman, A., & Kazançoğlu, İ. (2019). Understanding consumers' purchase intentions toward natural‐claimed products: A qualitative research in personal care products. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(6), 1218-1233.
66. Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.
67. Kalafatis, S. P., Pollard, M., East, R., & Tsogas, M. H. (1999). Green marketing and Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour: a cross‐market examination. Journal of consumer marketing.
68. Kalsi PS, Singh I (2019) Structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the linear influence inter-linkages of consumers’ green cognition, green purchase attitude & green purchase intention on consumers’ green purchase behaviour in urban Punjab. Int J Manag Stud VI 1(3):13–30. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v6i1(3)/02.
69. Karunarathna, P.K.A., Bandara, K.V., Silva, T.S.A., & De Mel, H.D.W. (2020). Impact of green marketing mix on consumers’ green purchasing intention with special reference to Sri Lankan supermarkets, South Asian Journal of Marketing, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 127-153.
70. Kasayanond, A. (2019). Environmental sustainability and its growth in Malaysia by elaborating the green economy and environmental efficiency.
71. Kashi AN (2019) Green purchase intention. J Islam Mark 11(6):1389–1403. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-06-2019-0120
72. Kim, A. J., and E. Ko. (2012). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand. Journal of Business Research 65 (10): 1480–1486.
73. Kim, H. Y. (2019). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: simple linear regression 3–residual analysis. Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 44(1).
74. Kim, H., Ko, E., & Kim, J. (2015). SNS users' para-social relationships with celebrities: social media effects on purchase intentions. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 25(3), 279-294.
75. Korkmaz, C., & Balaban, O. (2020). Sustainability of urban regeneration in Turkey: Assessing the performance of the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project. Habitat International, 95, 102081.
76. Kumar, A., Prakash, G., & Kumar, G. (2021). Does environmentally responsible purchase intention matter for consumers? A predictive sustainable model developed through an empirical study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102270.
77. Kushwah, Shiksha, Amandeep Dhir, and Mahim Sagar. (2019). “Ethical Consumption Intentions and Choice Behavior Towards Organic Food: Moderation Role of Buying and Environmental Concerns.” Journal of Cleaner Production 236: 117519. doi:10.1016/j. jclepro.2019.06.350.
78. Lambert S, Wagner M (2017) Environmental performance of bio-based and biodegradable plastics: the road ahead. Chem Soc Rev 46(22):6855–6871. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00149e
79. Lee, T. H., & Jan, F.-H. (2015). The effects of recreation experience, environmental attitude, and biospheric value on the environmentally responsible behavior of nature-based tourists. Environmental management, 56(1), 193-208. Li, G., Yang, L., Zhang, B., Li, X., & Chen, F. (2021). How do environmental values impact green product purchase intention? The moderating role of green trust. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 46020-46034.
80. Li, J., & Wang, J. (2019). Comprehensive utilization and environmental risks of coal gangue: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 117946.
81. Limbu, Y.B., Wolf, M., & Lunsford, D. (2012). Perceived ethics of online retailers and consumer behavioral intentions: The mediating roles of trust and attitude. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 6(2), 133–154.
82. Lowry, P. B., Vance, A., Moody, G., Beckman, B., & Read, A. (2008). Explaining and predicting the impact of branding alliances and web site quality on initial consumer trust of e-commerce web sites. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(4), 199-224.
83. Lutz, Richard J., Scott B. McKenzie, and George E. Belch (1983), “Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: Determinants and Consequences,” Advances in Consumer Research, 10, 532–39.
84. Ma, G., Rau, P. L. P., & Guo, Z. (2018). The effects of environmental awareness and consumption value on green makeup product purchase intentions. Psychology, 9(7), 1898-1916.
85. Markham, A. C. (2019). A brief history of pollution. Routledge.
86. Marquart‐Pyatt, S. T., & Petrzelka, P. (2008). Trust, the democratic process, and involvement in a rural community. Rural Sociology, 73(2), 250-274.
87. Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological bulletin, 103(3), 391.
88. McClure, C., & Seock, Y. K. (2020). The role of involvement: Investigating the effect of brand's social media pages on consumer purchase intention. Journal of retailing and consumer services, 53, 101975.
89. Mehraj, D., & Qureshi, I. H. (2022). Does green brand positioning translate into green purchase intention?: A mediation–moderation model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(7), 3166-3181.
90. Meier BP, Dillard AJ, Lappas CM (2019) Naturally better? A review of the natural-is-better bias. Soc Pers Psychol Compass 13(8):e12494. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12494
91. Nabilla F (2019) Advertising attitude, green purchase intention and environmental concern: promoting functional versus emotional appeals. Int J Bus Adm Stud 5(4):199–233. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.5.10003-4.
92. Nambisan, S. (2002). Designing virtual customer environments for new product development: Toward a theory. Academy of Management review, 27(3), 392-413.
93. Nicosia, F. M. (1966). Consumer Decision Processes; Marketing and Advertising Implications.
94. Ogiemwonyi, O., Harun, A. B., Alam, M. N., & Othman, B. A. (2020). Do we care about going green? Measuring the effect of green environmental awareness, green product value and environmental attitude on green culture. An insight from Nigeria. Environmental and Climate Technologies, 24(1), 254-274.
95. Pagiaslis, A., & Krontalis, A. K. (2014). Green consumption behaviour antecedents: Environmental concern, knowledge, and beliefs. Psychology & Marketing, 31(5), 335–348
96. Pappu, R., Quester, P. G., & Cooksey, R. W. (2005). Consumer‐based brand equity: improving the measurement–empirical evidence. Journal of product & brand management, 14(3), 143-154.
97. Park, M.J., & Lennon, S. (2009). Brand name and promotion in online shopping contexts. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 13(2):149-160. Perugini, M. and Bagozzi, R. (2001), “The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal directed behaviours: Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour”, British Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 40, pp. 79-98.
98. Pew Research Center. (2010). Obama more popular abroad than at home, global image of U.S. continues to benefit. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
99. Pham, Thu Huong, The Ninh Nguyen, Thi Thu Hoai Phan, and Nam Thanh Nguyen. (2019). “Evaluating the Purchase Behaviour of Organic Food by Young Consumers in an Emerging Market Economy.” Journal of Strategic Marketing 27 (6): 540–556. doi:10.1080/0965254.
100. Prakash, A. (2002). Green marketing, public policy and managerial strategies. Business strategy and the environment, 11(5), 285-297.
101. Prakash, G., Choudhary, S., Kumar, A., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Khan, S. A. R., & Panda, T. K. (2019). Do altruistic and egoistic values influence consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards eco-friendly packaged products? An empirical investigation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 163-169.
102. Punj, G. N., & Staelin, R. (1983). A model of consumer information search behavior for new automobiles. Journal of consumer research, 9(4), 366-380.
103. Punyatoya, P. (2014). Linking environmental awareness and perceived brand eco-friendliness to brand trust and purchase intention. Global Business Review, 15(2), 279-289.
104. Roh, T., Seok, J., & Kim, Y. (2022). Unveiling ways to reach organic purchase: Green perceived value, perceived knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, and trust. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 67, 102988.
105. Rosenberg, M. J. (1956). Cognitive structure and attitudinal affect. The Journal of abnormal and social psychology, 53(3), 367.
106. Saari, U. A., Damberg, S., Frömbling, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2021). Sustainable consumption behavior of Europeans: The influence of environmental knowledge and risk perception on environmental concern and behavioral intention. Ecological Economics, 189, 107155.
107. Shaharudin, M. S., Fernando, Y., Ahmed, E. R., & Shahudin, F. (2020). Environmental NGOs involvement in dismantling illegal plastic recycling factory operations in Malaysia. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 4(1), 29-36.
108. Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of business research, 22(2), 159-170.
109. Sulaiman, Y., Jamil, N. A. M., Othman, A. R., & Musa, R. (2020). The influence of green marketing, syariah compliance, customer’s environmental awareness and customer’s satisfaction towards Muslim consumer purchasing behaviour in Kedah. WSEAS Transacfion on Business and Economics, 17, 195-204.
110. Szmigin, I., Carrigan, M., & McEachern, M. G. (2009). The conscious consumer: Taking a flexible approach to ethical behaviour. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(2), 224–231.
111. Usharani, M., & Gopinath, R. (2020). A Study on Consumer Behaviour on Green Marketing with reference to Organic Food Products in Tiruchirappalli District. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 11(9), 1235-1244.
112. Wang, C. L., Li, D., Barnes, B. R., & Ahn, J. (2012). Country image, product image and consumer purchase intention: Evidence from an emerging economy. International Business Review, 21(6), 1041-1051.
113. Wang, G., Dou, W., & Zhou, N. (2008). Consumption attitudes and adoption of new consumer products: a contingency approach. European Journal of Marketing, 42(1/2), 238-254. Wang, L., Guo, Y., & Zeng, X. (2021). Green Procurement and Manufacturing, Innovation Orientation and Operational Performance: A Firm Level Panel Data Analysis. In 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS) (pp. 59-64). IEEE.
114. Wang, L., Weng Wong, P. P., & Elangkovan, N. A. (2020). The influence of religiosity on consumer’s green purchase intention towards green hotel selection in China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(3), 319-345.
115. Wee, C. S., Ariff, M. S. B. M., Zakuan, N., Tajudin, M. N. M., Ismail, K., & Ishak, N. (2014). Consumers perception, purchase intention and actual purchase behavior of organic food products. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 3(2), 378.
116. Xu, L., Prybutok, V., & Blankson, C. (2018). An environmental awareness purchasing intention model. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119(2), 367-381.
117. Yarimoglu, E., & Gunay, T. (2020). The extended theory of planned behavior in Turkish customers' intentions to visit green hotels. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1097-1108.
118. Yiu, D. W., Lau, C., & Bruton, G. D. (2007). International venturing by emerging economy firms: The effects of firm capabilities, home country networks, and corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of international business studies, 38, 519-540.
119. Yoo, J. J., Divita, L., & Kim, H. Y. (2013). Environmental awareness on bamboo product purchase intentions: do consumption values impact green consumption?. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 6(1), 27-34.
120. Yoon, V. Y., Hostler, R. E., Guo, Z., & Guimaraes, T. (2013). Assessing the moderating effect of consumer product knowledge and online shopping experience on using recommendation agents for customer loyalty. Decision Support Systems, 55(4), 883-893.