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Comparison of E-Export Platforms: Selecting the Appropriate Platform with the VIKOR Method

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 251 - 269, 23.10.2025

Öz

With the advancement of technology, global boundaries are disappearing, albeit intangibly, if not physically. Individuals in two different parts of the world can easily communicate with each other thanks to developing technology and conduct transactions through advanced logistics processes. One of these methods is known as e-export. E-export, in addition to traditional exports, has become increasingly popular in recent years and has shown a significant increase. In this context, this study aims to evaluate e-export platforms in light of the impact of digitalization on global trade. Using the VIKOR analysis method, this study examined four different e-export platforms based on eight different key criteria. The findings revealed that Amazon had the lowest total deviation value and was identified as the most advantageous e-export platform. Amazon was followed by Ttendyol, Etsy, and Alibaba, respectively. The Amazon e-export platform stands out with its robust logistics structure and broad market reach. Based on the findings, it is anticipated that the study will contribute to the academic literature on e-export platform selection.

Kaynakça

  • Arriagada, A., & Bishop, S. (2021). Between Commerciality and Authenticity: The Imaginary Of Social Media Influencers in The Platform Economy. Communication, Culture and Critique, 14(4), 568-586.
  • Arunasalam, A., Chu, A., Ozmen, M. O., Farrukh, H., & Celik, Z. B. (2024, January). The Dark Side of E-Commerce: Dropshipping Abuse As A Business Model. In Proc. Netw. Distrib. Syst. Secur.(NDSS) Symp (Pp. 1-18).
  • Aslan, M. E., & Manavgat, G. (2021). Yeni Ekonomide Teknolojik Gelişmelerin Uluslararası Rekabet Gücüne Etkisi: Türkiye’de E-Ticaret SWOT Analizi. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(14), 67-92.
  • Atayeter, C. & Erol, A. (2011). Türkiye’de Uygulanmakta Olan İhracat Teşvikleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-26.
  • Bakın, A. (2025). Platform Ekonomisinde Emeğin Örgütlenmesi: Hukuki Belirsizlikler, Mekânsal Dağınıklık ve Dijital Baskı Mekanizmaları. Emek Araştırma Dergisi, 16(27), 1-24.
  • Burkhardt, S., & Rieder, B. (2024). Foundation Models are Platform Models: Prompting and The Political Economy of AI. Big Data & Society, 11(2), 20539517241247839.
  • Büyüközkan, G., & Ruan, D. (2008). Evaluation of Software Development Projects Using A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Approach. Mathematics And Computers İn Simulation, 77(5-6), 464-475
  • Büyüksağiş, E., & Kahveci, D. (2022). E-Ticaret Platformlarının Satılanın Ayıplarından Sorumluluğu. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 125-174.
  • Cauffman, C. (2016). The Commission’s European Agenda For The Collaborative Economy–(Too) Platform And Service Provider Friendly?. Journal Of European Consumer And Market Law, 5(6).
  • Cohen, J. E. (2017). Law For The Platform Economy. Ucdl Rev., 51, 133.
  • Demirbilek, İ. (2023). Dijital Ekonomik Platformlarda Dışsal Emek Kullanımı, İstihdam ve Sosyal Koruma İlişkisi. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(CEEİK 2023 Özel Sayısı), 9-44.
  • Dimitrakos, T. (2010, December). Common Capabilities For Service Oriented İnfrastructures And Platforms: An Overview. In 2010 Eighth IEEE European Conference On Web Services (Pp. 181-188). IEEE.
  • Doğanlar, M., Bal, H., & Özmen, M. (2003). Uluslararası Ticaret ve Türkiye'nin İhracat Fonksiyonu. Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 83-111.
  • Evans, D. S. (2008). The Economics of The Online Advertising Industry. Review of Network Economics, 7(3). Franck, J. U., & Peitz, M. (2021). Market Definition in the Platform Economy. Cambridge Yearbook Of European Legal Studies, 23, 91-127.
  • Frosio, G. F. (2017). Reforming İntermediary Liability in the Platform Economy: A European Digital Single Market Strategy. Nw. UL Rev. Online, 112, 18.
  • Gruszka, K., & Böhm, M. (2022). Out of Sight, Out of Mind?(In) Visibility of/in Platform-Mediated Work. New Media & Society, 24(8), 1852-1871.
  • Hoang, L., Blank, G., & Quan-Haase, A. (2020). The Winners and the Losers of the Platform Economy: Who Participates?. Information, Communication & Society, 23(5), 681-700.
  • Hu, Q., Wu, S., Sun, W., Tang, Z., Chen, C., Ding, Z., & Zhang, X. (2022). Measurement of The Usage of Web Clips in Underground Economy. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:2209.03319.
  • Hua, M. (2025). Media Visibility And Migrant Voices: Representational Segregation in The Nordic Platform Economy. Critical Sociology, 08969205241312105.
  • Irmak, E. (2023). Uluslararası Ticarette Dijitalleşme: E-Ticaret Kapsamında E-İhracat. The Journal of Social Science, 7(14), 180-200.
  • Iyengar, G., Ma, Y., Rivera, T. J., Saleh, F., & Sethuraman, J. (2023). The Distributional Effects Of'fulfilled By Amazon'(FBA). SSRN.
  • Jürgensmeier, L., Bischoff, J., & Skiera, B. (2024). Opportunities for Self-Preferencing in International Online Marketplaces. International Marketing Review, 41(5), 1118-1132.
  • Kantarcı, Ü. H., & Erol, M. (2025). İhracatta E-Ticaretin Ekonomik Kriz Üzerine Etkileri: Türkiye, AB ve BRICS Ülkeleri Arasındaki Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme. Turan: Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, 17(66), 47-57.
  • Karaboğa, K., & Güngör, M. A. (2021). Cross-Border E-Commerce (E-Export) Methods and Problems Encountered. Current Marketing Studies and Digital Developments, 73.
  • Kenney, M., & Zysman, J. (2016). The Rise Of The Platform Economy. Issues in Science and Technology, 32(3), 61. Kittaka, Y., Sato, S., & Zennyo, Y. (2023). Self-Preferencing By Platforms: A Literature Review. Japan and The World Economy, 66, 101191.
  • Li, Z., & Wang, G. (2025). Regulating Powerful Platforms: Evidence From Commission Fee Caps. Information Systems Research, 36(1), 126-140.
  • Okun, O. (2022). Dijital Çağ, Dijital Kültür. Dijital Çağda Yönetim Üzerine Güncel Konular Ve Araştırmalar, 25. Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2007). Extended Vikor Method in Comparison with Outranking Methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 178(2), 514-529
  • Opricovic, S. & Tzeng, G.H. (2004). Compromise Solution By MCDM Methods: A Comparative Analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2), 445–455.
  • Orman, I., & Teker, S. (2024). Impacts of Cross-Border E-Commerce on Growth of Turkısh Smes. Pressacademia Procedia, 20(1), 66-70.
  • Öz, İ. (2023). Platform Ekonomisinde Kolektif Eylemi Yeniden Düşünmek: Trendyol Ve Yemeksepeti Kuryelerinin Eylemleri. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 21(82), 87-116.
  • Scassa, T. (2018). Information Law in The Platform Economy: Ownership, Control, and Reuse of Platform Data. Law and The ‘Sharing Economy’, University of Ottawa Press, Ottawa, 151-194.
  • Simon, J. P. (2021). Apıs, The Glue Under The Hood. Looking For The “API Economy”. Digital Policy, Regulation And Governance, 23(5), 489-508.
  • Sönmezay, M., & Keser, H. Y. (2024). Problems and Solution Suggestions Related to Logistics Processes in Cross-Border E-Commerce: Evaluations Towards E-Export in Bursa Province. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 15(44), 1249-1271.
  • Stark, D., & Pais, I. (2021). Algorithmic Management in The Platform Economy. Sociologica, 14(3), 47-72.
  • Sun, X., Choi, T. M., & Luo, S. (2021). Logistics Capacity Balancing Platforms in the Sharing Economy: When Will Simple Rules be Optimal?. IEEE Transactions On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics: Systems, 52(4), 2637-2650.
  • Tan, G. K. S. (2021). Democratizing Finance with Robinhood: Financial Infrastructure, Interface Design and Platform Capitalism. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(8), 1862-1878.
  • Thorhauge, A. M. (2024). The Steam Platform Economy: From Retail to Player-Driven Economies. New Media & Society, 26(4), 1963-1983.
  • Tong, L. I., Chen, C. C., & Wang, C. H. (2007). Optimization of Multi-Response Processes Using the Vikor Method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 31(11-12), 1049-1057.
  • Türk, M. M. (2024). Dijital Dönüşüm Çağında Türkiye’de E-Ticaret ve İş Gücü. Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives, 12(2), 171-184.
  • Xu, X., He, Y., & Ji, Q. (2022). Collaborative Logistics Network: A New Business Mode in The Platform Economy. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(4-5), 791-813.
  • Xue, C., Tian, W., & Zhao, X. (2020). The Literature Review of Platform Economy. Scientific Programming, 2020(1), 8877128.
  • Yang, Y. P., Shieh, H. M., Leu, J. D. & Tzeng, G. H. (2009). A Vikor Based Multiple Criteria Decision Method For Improving Information Security Risk. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 8(2), 267 287. DOI:10.1142/S0219622009003375
  • Yılmaz, Ö., & Bayram, O. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminde Türkiye’de E-Ticaret ve E-İhracat. Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 37-54.
  • Zhang, A. H. (2022). Agility Over Stability: China's Great Reversal in Regulating The Platform Economy. Harv. Int'l LJ, 63, 457.
  • Zhao, P., Zervas, G., & Han, X. (2024). The Impact of Platform Commission Design on Creators’ Pricing Strategy And Productivity. Technical Report 2024. 6.

E-İhracat Platformlarının Karşılaştırılması: VIKOR Yöntemiyle Uygun Platform Seçimi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 251 - 269, 23.10.2025

Öz

Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle, dünya üzerindeki sınırların fiziksel olmasa da soyut anlamda kalktığı görülmektedir. Dünyanın iki farklı bölgesindeki birey, gelişen teknoloji sayesinde birbirleri ile kolayca iletişim kurabilmekte ve gelişen lojistik süreçlerle alışveriş yapabilmektedirler. Bu yöntemlerden biri de E-ihracat olarak bilinmektedir. E- ihracat, klasik ihracatın yanında son yıllarda daha fazla kullanılmaya başlanmış ve kayda değer bir artış göstermiştir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada dijitalleşmenin küresel ticaret üzerindeki etkileri doğrultusunda e –ihracat platformlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. VIKOR analiz yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada 8 farklı temel kriter üzerinden 4 farklı e-ihracat platformu incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda, Amazon en düşük toplam sapma değerine sahip olmuş ve en avantajlı e- ihracat platformu olarak belirlenmiştir. Amazonu sırasıyla Ttendyol, Etsy ve Alibaba takip etmiştir. Amazon e- ihracat platformunun güçlü lojistik yapısı ve geniş bir Pazar erişimi ile ön plana çıktığı söylenebilir. Çalışmanın e-ihracat platformunun tercihine yönelik akademik literatüre katkı sağlayacağı elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda ön görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Arriagada, A., & Bishop, S. (2021). Between Commerciality and Authenticity: The Imaginary Of Social Media Influencers in The Platform Economy. Communication, Culture and Critique, 14(4), 568-586.
  • Arunasalam, A., Chu, A., Ozmen, M. O., Farrukh, H., & Celik, Z. B. (2024, January). The Dark Side of E-Commerce: Dropshipping Abuse As A Business Model. In Proc. Netw. Distrib. Syst. Secur.(NDSS) Symp (Pp. 1-18).
  • Aslan, M. E., & Manavgat, G. (2021). Yeni Ekonomide Teknolojik Gelişmelerin Uluslararası Rekabet Gücüne Etkisi: Türkiye’de E-Ticaret SWOT Analizi. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(14), 67-92.
  • Atayeter, C. & Erol, A. (2011). Türkiye’de Uygulanmakta Olan İhracat Teşvikleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-26.
  • Bakın, A. (2025). Platform Ekonomisinde Emeğin Örgütlenmesi: Hukuki Belirsizlikler, Mekânsal Dağınıklık ve Dijital Baskı Mekanizmaları. Emek Araştırma Dergisi, 16(27), 1-24.
  • Burkhardt, S., & Rieder, B. (2024). Foundation Models are Platform Models: Prompting and The Political Economy of AI. Big Data & Society, 11(2), 20539517241247839.
  • Büyüközkan, G., & Ruan, D. (2008). Evaluation of Software Development Projects Using A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Approach. Mathematics And Computers İn Simulation, 77(5-6), 464-475
  • Büyüksağiş, E., & Kahveci, D. (2022). E-Ticaret Platformlarının Satılanın Ayıplarından Sorumluluğu. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 125-174.
  • Cauffman, C. (2016). The Commission’s European Agenda For The Collaborative Economy–(Too) Platform And Service Provider Friendly?. Journal Of European Consumer And Market Law, 5(6).
  • Cohen, J. E. (2017). Law For The Platform Economy. Ucdl Rev., 51, 133.
  • Demirbilek, İ. (2023). Dijital Ekonomik Platformlarda Dışsal Emek Kullanımı, İstihdam ve Sosyal Koruma İlişkisi. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(CEEİK 2023 Özel Sayısı), 9-44.
  • Dimitrakos, T. (2010, December). Common Capabilities For Service Oriented İnfrastructures And Platforms: An Overview. In 2010 Eighth IEEE European Conference On Web Services (Pp. 181-188). IEEE.
  • Doğanlar, M., Bal, H., & Özmen, M. (2003). Uluslararası Ticaret ve Türkiye'nin İhracat Fonksiyonu. Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 83-111.
  • Evans, D. S. (2008). The Economics of The Online Advertising Industry. Review of Network Economics, 7(3). Franck, J. U., & Peitz, M. (2021). Market Definition in the Platform Economy. Cambridge Yearbook Of European Legal Studies, 23, 91-127.
  • Frosio, G. F. (2017). Reforming İntermediary Liability in the Platform Economy: A European Digital Single Market Strategy. Nw. UL Rev. Online, 112, 18.
  • Gruszka, K., & Böhm, M. (2022). Out of Sight, Out of Mind?(In) Visibility of/in Platform-Mediated Work. New Media & Society, 24(8), 1852-1871.
  • Hoang, L., Blank, G., & Quan-Haase, A. (2020). The Winners and the Losers of the Platform Economy: Who Participates?. Information, Communication & Society, 23(5), 681-700.
  • Hu, Q., Wu, S., Sun, W., Tang, Z., Chen, C., Ding, Z., & Zhang, X. (2022). Measurement of The Usage of Web Clips in Underground Economy. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:2209.03319.
  • Hua, M. (2025). Media Visibility And Migrant Voices: Representational Segregation in The Nordic Platform Economy. Critical Sociology, 08969205241312105.
  • Irmak, E. (2023). Uluslararası Ticarette Dijitalleşme: E-Ticaret Kapsamında E-İhracat. The Journal of Social Science, 7(14), 180-200.
  • Iyengar, G., Ma, Y., Rivera, T. J., Saleh, F., & Sethuraman, J. (2023). The Distributional Effects Of'fulfilled By Amazon'(FBA). SSRN.
  • Jürgensmeier, L., Bischoff, J., & Skiera, B. (2024). Opportunities for Self-Preferencing in International Online Marketplaces. International Marketing Review, 41(5), 1118-1132.
  • Kantarcı, Ü. H., & Erol, M. (2025). İhracatta E-Ticaretin Ekonomik Kriz Üzerine Etkileri: Türkiye, AB ve BRICS Ülkeleri Arasındaki Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme. Turan: Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, 17(66), 47-57.
  • Karaboğa, K., & Güngör, M. A. (2021). Cross-Border E-Commerce (E-Export) Methods and Problems Encountered. Current Marketing Studies and Digital Developments, 73.
  • Kenney, M., & Zysman, J. (2016). The Rise Of The Platform Economy. Issues in Science and Technology, 32(3), 61. Kittaka, Y., Sato, S., & Zennyo, Y. (2023). Self-Preferencing By Platforms: A Literature Review. Japan and The World Economy, 66, 101191.
  • Li, Z., & Wang, G. (2025). Regulating Powerful Platforms: Evidence From Commission Fee Caps. Information Systems Research, 36(1), 126-140.
  • Okun, O. (2022). Dijital Çağ, Dijital Kültür. Dijital Çağda Yönetim Üzerine Güncel Konular Ve Araştırmalar, 25. Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2007). Extended Vikor Method in Comparison with Outranking Methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 178(2), 514-529
  • Opricovic, S. & Tzeng, G.H. (2004). Compromise Solution By MCDM Methods: A Comparative Analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2), 445–455.
  • Orman, I., & Teker, S. (2024). Impacts of Cross-Border E-Commerce on Growth of Turkısh Smes. Pressacademia Procedia, 20(1), 66-70.
  • Öz, İ. (2023). Platform Ekonomisinde Kolektif Eylemi Yeniden Düşünmek: Trendyol Ve Yemeksepeti Kuryelerinin Eylemleri. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 21(82), 87-116.
  • Scassa, T. (2018). Information Law in The Platform Economy: Ownership, Control, and Reuse of Platform Data. Law and The ‘Sharing Economy’, University of Ottawa Press, Ottawa, 151-194.
  • Simon, J. P. (2021). Apıs, The Glue Under The Hood. Looking For The “API Economy”. Digital Policy, Regulation And Governance, 23(5), 489-508.
  • Sönmezay, M., & Keser, H. Y. (2024). Problems and Solution Suggestions Related to Logistics Processes in Cross-Border E-Commerce: Evaluations Towards E-Export in Bursa Province. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 15(44), 1249-1271.
  • Stark, D., & Pais, I. (2021). Algorithmic Management in The Platform Economy. Sociologica, 14(3), 47-72.
  • Sun, X., Choi, T. M., & Luo, S. (2021). Logistics Capacity Balancing Platforms in the Sharing Economy: When Will Simple Rules be Optimal?. IEEE Transactions On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics: Systems, 52(4), 2637-2650.
  • Tan, G. K. S. (2021). Democratizing Finance with Robinhood: Financial Infrastructure, Interface Design and Platform Capitalism. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(8), 1862-1878.
  • Thorhauge, A. M. (2024). The Steam Platform Economy: From Retail to Player-Driven Economies. New Media & Society, 26(4), 1963-1983.
  • Tong, L. I., Chen, C. C., & Wang, C. H. (2007). Optimization of Multi-Response Processes Using the Vikor Method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 31(11-12), 1049-1057.
  • Türk, M. M. (2024). Dijital Dönüşüm Çağında Türkiye’de E-Ticaret ve İş Gücü. Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives, 12(2), 171-184.
  • Xu, X., He, Y., & Ji, Q. (2022). Collaborative Logistics Network: A New Business Mode in The Platform Economy. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(4-5), 791-813.
  • Xue, C., Tian, W., & Zhao, X. (2020). The Literature Review of Platform Economy. Scientific Programming, 2020(1), 8877128.
  • Yang, Y. P., Shieh, H. M., Leu, J. D. & Tzeng, G. H. (2009). A Vikor Based Multiple Criteria Decision Method For Improving Information Security Risk. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 8(2), 267 287. DOI:10.1142/S0219622009003375
  • Yılmaz, Ö., & Bayram, O. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminde Türkiye’de E-Ticaret ve E-İhracat. Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 37-54.
  • Zhang, A. H. (2022). Agility Over Stability: China's Great Reversal in Regulating The Platform Economy. Harv. Int'l LJ, 63, 457.
  • Zhao, P., Zervas, G., & Han, X. (2024). The Impact of Platform Commission Design on Creators’ Pricing Strategy And Productivity. Technical Report 2024. 6.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arif Selim Eren 0000-0001-7274-1113

Ayşe Eryer 0000-0002-6556-1605

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Eren, A. S., & Eryer, A. (2025). E-İhracat Platformlarının Karşılaştırılması: VIKOR Yöntemiyle Uygun Platform Seçimi. Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 251-269.