868 MHZ FREKANSINDA AÇIK ALAN ORTAMLARINDA KISA MENZILLI IOT UYGULAMALARI IÇIN XBEE P2P BAĞLANTILARININ YAYILIM ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 45 - 54, 30.06.2025

Emre Çerçi , Yaser Dalveren

https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1681856

Öz

Bu çalışma, dış ortamlarda 868 MHz'de çalışan XBee modüllerini kullanan kısa menzilli noktadan noktaya (P2P) kablosuz iletişim için bir ön yayılma analizi sunmaktadır. Kısa menzilli Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) uygulamaları bağlamında XBee P2P bağlantılarının doğrudan planlanmasını ve dağıtımını kolaylaştırmak için kentsel, banliyö ve kırsal ortamlarda görüş hattı (LOS) koşulları altında ampirik ölçümler yapılmıştır. Serbest Uzay Yol Kaybı (FSPL), İki Işınlı Zemin Yansıması, Log-mesafe, Hata-Okumura ve Cost231-Hata dahil olmak üzere beş iyi bilinen ampirik yol kaybı modelinin performansı, Alınan Sinyal Gücü Göstergesi (RSSI) verilerine dayanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, FSPL modelinin kırsal alanlarda en yüksek doğruluk seviyesini gösterirken, Log-distance modelinin kentsel ve banliyö bağlamlarında daha iyi performans sergilediğini göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, Two-Ray ve Cost231-Hata modelleri tüm ortamlarda ölçülen verilerle nispeten sınırlı derecede uyum göstermektedir. Bu bulguların, dış mekan IoT ortamlarında enerji tasarruflu ve uygun maliyetli XBee tabanlı P2P ağlarının basit bir şekilde konuşlandırılması için değerli bilgiler sunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

XBee , Nesnelerin Interneti , Yol Kaybı , Yayılım Modelleri , Performans Değerlendirmesi , Yarı-Kırsal , Kırsal , Şehir

A PROPAGATION STUDY OF XBEE P2P LINKS FOR SHORT-RANGE IOT APPLICATIONS IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS AT 868 MHZ

Öz

This study presents a preliminary propagation analysis for short-range point-to-point (P2P) wireless communication employing XBee modules operating at the 868 MHz in outdoor environments. In order to facilitate straightforward planning and deployment of XBee P2P links in the context of short-range Internet of Things (IoT) applications, empirical measurements were conducted under line-of-sight (LOS) conditions in urban, suburban, and rural environments. The performance of five well-known empirical path loss models, including Free Space Path Loss (FSPL), Two-Ray Ground Reflection, Log-distance, Hata-Okumura, and Cost231-Hata, was then evaluated based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) data. The findings indicate that the FSPL model demonstrates the highest level of accuracy in rural areas, while the Log-distance model exhibits better performance in urban and suburban contexts. In contrast, the Two-Ray and Cost231-Hata models demonstrate a comparatively limited degree of agreement with the measured data across all environments. It is expected that these findings may offer valuable insights for the simple deployment of energy-efficient and cost-effective XBee-based P2P networks in outdoor IoT settings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

XBee , Internet-of-Things , Path Loss , Propagation Models , Performance Assessment , Suburban , Rural , Urban

Kaynakça

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