Öz
Katı atıkların sebep olduğu problemler Türkiye
için önemli çevre sorunları arasında gelmektedir. T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik
Bakanlığı birden fazla belediyelerin oluşturacağı birlikler üzerinden Bölgesel
Katı Atık Bertaraf Tesisleri ile çözüm öngörmektedir. Bu kapsamda atık
yönetiminin bölgesel düzeyde gerçekleştirilmesi amacıyla Edirne Katı Atık
Yönetim Birliği (EDİKAB) kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada EDİKAB katı atık bertaraf
tesisi uygulama örneği anlatılacaktır. Bölgede 2020 ve 2045 yılları için
toplanacak atık miktarı sırasıyla 94,665 ton/yıl ve 274,497 ton/yıl olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Bertaraf edilecek katı atıklar; geri kazanılacak ambalaj
atıkları, kompost olarak değerlendirilecek organik atıklar ve düzenli
depolanacak atıklar olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Ambalaj atıkları ayrı toplanıp
ambalaj atıkları ayrıştırma tesisinde sınıflanarak balyalanacaktır. 2020 yılı
için 3.8 milyon m3/yıl ve 2045 yılı için 15 milyon m3/yıl
depo gazı oluşacağı hesaplanmıştır. EDİKAB örneği, düzenli depolama ile elde
edilecek gazın 2016 yılından itibaren 2020,2030 ve 2045 yıllarına kadar
kümülatif olarak sırasıyla 7288, 13384 ve 28673 MWh elektriğe dönüştürülmesi
ile sera gazı emisyonlarında %90’a varan azaltma sağlanabileceğini
göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Evsel katı atık biyoenerji depo gazı atıktan enerji üretimi Edirne sera gazı azaltımı
Kaynakça
- [1] Öztürk, İ., Arıkan, A. O., Altınbaş, M., Alp, K., & Güven, H. (2015). Solid Waste Conversion and Treatment Technologies (Handbook) in Turkish. Union of Municipalities of Turkey. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2[2] Report on the Environment https://www.epa.gov/roe/ Municipal Solid Waste[3] The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ulusal Atık Yönetimi ve Eylem Planı 2016-2023[4] Barros RM, Filho GLT, da Silva TR. The electric energy potential of landfill biogas in Brazil. Energy Policy 2014;65:150–64.[5] Tozlu, A., Özahi, E., & Abuşoğlu, A. (2016). Waste to energy technologies for municipal solid waste management in Gaziantep. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 809-815. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.09 [6] TurkStat,waste statistics, http://www.tuik.gov.tr /PreTablo.do?alt_id=1019 [7] Packaging Waste Control Regulation, Official Gazette dated: 27.12.2017 Number: 30283[8] Cucchiella, F., D ’adamo, I., & Gastaldi, M. (2017). Sustainable waste management: Waste to energy plant as an alternative to landfill, Energy Conversion and Management 131, 18–31 https:// doi.org/10.1016 /j.enconman. 2016.11.012[9] Eurostat. Statistics database. Eurostat Luxembourg; 2016[10] Mimko, 2014. EDİKAP, Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Application Project Report, in Turkish (Katı Atık Bertaraf Tesisleri Uygulama Projesi Raporu) [11] EPA, https://www.epa.gov/recycle / composting-home,[12] https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-07/documents/pdh_chapter1.pdf[13] Tabasaran, O. Rettenberger, G., 1987 Basis for the Planning of Biogas Extraction Manual German: Grundlagen zur Planung von Entgasungsanlagen Handbuch Müll und Abfall, Kennz. 4547, Lieferung 1/87, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin.[14] https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf[15] Şahinkaya, E., 2014. http://aves.medeniyet.edu.tr /erkan.sahinkaya/dokumanlar, Anaerobic Treatment, inTurkish[16] Sabuncu O, C. Technical, economical and environmental analysis of biogas production, in Turkish MSc. Thesis, Hacettepe University, 2010, Ankara, Turkey.[17] Murphy, J.D., McKeogh, E., Kiely, G. Technical/economic/ environmental analysis of biogas utilisation, Applied Energy2004;77: 407-427.[18] Abdeshahian, P., Lim, J. S., Ho, W. S., Hashim, H., & Lee, C. T. Potential of biogas production from farm animal waste in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 60: 714–723. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.117.[19] Özer, B. 2017. Biogas energy opportunity of Ardahan city of Turkey, Energy 139 (2017) 1144-1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.052.[20] Szarka N, Scholwin F, Trommler M, Jacobi HF, Eichhorn M, Ortwein A, Thrän D. A novel role for bioenergy: A flexible, demand-oriented power supply. Energy 2013; 61:18–26. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.12.053[21] Cuéllar, A. D.; Webber, M. E. Cow power: the energy and emissions benefits of converting manure to biogas. Environmental Research Letters, 2008; 3(3), 34002. http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/034002. [22] Virginia Energy Patterns and Trends available from http:// www.energy.vt.edu/vept/ energyover/thermalconv.asp [23] Özer, B. 2012. The Scenario Analysis on CO2 Emission Mitigation Potential in Turkish Electricity Sector, PhD Thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, İstanbul Technical University 2012., İstanbul, Turkey.
Öz
Solid waste originated problems are one of the
major environmental problems in Turkey. The Ministry of Environment and Urban
Planning in The Republic of Turkey foresees a solution with the Regional Solid
Waste Disposal Facilities over the associations that will be formed by more
than one municipality. In this context, Edirne Solid Waste Management
Association (EDİKAB) was established in order to realize waste management at
regional level. In this study, the application example of EDİKAB solid waste
disposal plant is evaluated. The amount of waste to be collected for the years
2020 and 2045 in the region is calculated as 94,665 tons/year and 274,497 tons/
year, respectively. Solid wastes to be disposed of are classified as packing
wastes to be recovered, organic wastes to be composted and wastes to be
landfilled. Packaging waste will be collected separately, classified and baled
in sorting plant. Landfill gas production is calculated 3.8 million m3/year and
15 million m3/year for 2020 and 2045, respectively. EDİKAB case study
represents up to 90% of GHG emission reduction can be achievable in case of
converting LFG into electricity, by producing 7288; 13384 and 28673 MWh
cumulative electricity from 2016 to 2020, 2030 and 2045, respectively.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Edirne Municipal solid waste (MSW) bioenergy landfill gas waste to energy GHG mitigation
Kaynakça
- [1] Öztürk, İ., Arıkan, A. O., Altınbaş, M., Alp, K., & Güven, H. (2015). Solid Waste Conversion and Treatment Technologies (Handbook) in Turkish. Union of Municipalities of Turkey. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2[2] Report on the Environment https://www.epa.gov/roe/ Municipal Solid Waste[3] The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ulusal Atık Yönetimi ve Eylem Planı 2016-2023[4] Barros RM, Filho GLT, da Silva TR. The electric energy potential of landfill biogas in Brazil. Energy Policy 2014;65:150–64.[5] Tozlu, A., Özahi, E., & Abuşoğlu, A. (2016). Waste to energy technologies for municipal solid waste management in Gaziantep. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 809-815. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.09 [6] TurkStat,waste statistics, http://www.tuik.gov.tr /PreTablo.do?alt_id=1019 [7] Packaging Waste Control Regulation, Official Gazette dated: 27.12.2017 Number: 30283[8] Cucchiella, F., D ’adamo, I., & Gastaldi, M. (2017). Sustainable waste management: Waste to energy plant as an alternative to landfill, Energy Conversion and Management 131, 18–31 https:// doi.org/10.1016 /j.enconman. 2016.11.012[9] Eurostat. Statistics database. Eurostat Luxembourg; 2016[10] Mimko, 2014. EDİKAP, Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Application Project Report, in Turkish (Katı Atık Bertaraf Tesisleri Uygulama Projesi Raporu) [11] EPA, https://www.epa.gov/recycle / composting-home,[12] https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-07/documents/pdh_chapter1.pdf[13] Tabasaran, O. Rettenberger, G., 1987 Basis for the Planning of Biogas Extraction Manual German: Grundlagen zur Planung von Entgasungsanlagen Handbuch Müll und Abfall, Kennz. 4547, Lieferung 1/87, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin.[14] https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf[15] Şahinkaya, E., 2014. http://aves.medeniyet.edu.tr /erkan.sahinkaya/dokumanlar, Anaerobic Treatment, inTurkish[16] Sabuncu O, C. Technical, economical and environmental analysis of biogas production, in Turkish MSc. Thesis, Hacettepe University, 2010, Ankara, Turkey.[17] Murphy, J.D., McKeogh, E., Kiely, G. Technical/economic/ environmental analysis of biogas utilisation, Applied Energy2004;77: 407-427.[18] Abdeshahian, P., Lim, J. S., Ho, W. S., Hashim, H., & Lee, C. T. Potential of biogas production from farm animal waste in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 60: 714–723. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.117.[19] Özer, B. 2017. Biogas energy opportunity of Ardahan city of Turkey, Energy 139 (2017) 1144-1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.052.[20] Szarka N, Scholwin F, Trommler M, Jacobi HF, Eichhorn M, Ortwein A, Thrän D. A novel role for bioenergy: A flexible, demand-oriented power supply. Energy 2013; 61:18–26. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.12.053[21] Cuéllar, A. D.; Webber, M. E. Cow power: the energy and emissions benefits of converting manure to biogas. Environmental Research Letters, 2008; 3(3), 34002. http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/034002. [22] Virginia Energy Patterns and Trends available from http:// www.energy.vt.edu/vept/ energyover/thermalconv.asp [23] Özer, B. 2012. The Scenario Analysis on CO2 Emission Mitigation Potential in Turkish Electricity Sector, PhD Thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, İstanbul Technical University 2012., İstanbul, Turkey.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Aralık 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
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