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GÜÇ TRANSFORMATÖRLERİNDE MİNERAL YAĞLARA ALTERNATİF DOĞAL ESTERLERİN UYGULAMALARI

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 8 - 16, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1356778

Öz

Geleneksel olarak güç sistemlerinde yalıtım sıvısı olarak kullanılan mineral yağların elektriksel ve çevresel dezavantajları alternatif arayışlara neden olmaktadır. Bitkisel tohumlarından üretilen doğal esterler bu mineral yağlara en önemli alternatiflerden biridir. Yüksek dielektrik dayanıma sahip doğal esterler, ultra yüksek gerilim transformatörü tasarımının gereksinimlerini karşılayabilmektedir. Ayrıca doğada çözünebilirliği sayesinde transformatör yağlarının neden olduğu çevresel kaygılara da cevap verebilmektedirler. Bu çalışma öncelikle doğal esterleri diğer transformatör yağlarıyla karşılaştırmakta ve doğal esterlerin sıvı yalıtkanlar arasında öne çıkma nedenlerini açıklamaktadır. Doğal esterlerin temel özellikleri avantaj ve dezavantajları açısından tanımlanmakta ve güç sistemi uygulamaları örnekleri sunulmaktadır. Doğal esterlerin elektriksel ve termal özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan nano-parçacık katkılı nano-akışkanların esterleştirilmesi ve sentezi deneysel uygulamalarla sunulmaktadır. Doğal esterler, esterleştirme işlemiyle daha iyi bir oksidasyon kararlılığına sahip olabilmektedir. Doğal esterlerle üretilen nano-akışkanların AC, DC ve yıldırım darbesi (LI) delinme gerilimleri de ortalama %10 artmaktadır. Doğal esterlerin kullanıldığı bu şalt sahası ve deneysel uygulamalar, çevre dostu bu yağların, başta transformatörler olmak üzere birçok güç sistemi ekipmanında yalıtım ihtiyacını karşılayabildiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Khaled, U. and Beroual, A., “Statistical Investigation of AC Dielectric Strength of Natural Ester Oil-Based Fe3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2 Nano-Fluids”, IEEE Access, 7, 60594-60601, 2019.
  • Dincer, M. S., Tezcan, S. S., and Duzkaya, H., “Suppression of Electron Avalanches in Ultra-Dilute SF6-N2 Mixtures Subjected to Time-Invariant Crossed Fields”, Energies, 11, 3247, 1-14, 2018.
  • Duzkaya, H., Tezcan, S. S., Acarturk, A., and Yilmaz, M., “Environmental and Physiochemical Properties of Gaseous Dielectrics Alternatives to SF6”, El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, 7(3), 1460-1470, 2020.
  • Jaroszewski, M., Beroual, A., and Golebiowski, D., “Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Loss Factor of Biodegradable Transformer Oil”, in IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2018, September.
  • Rafiq, M., Lv, Y., and Li, C., "A Review on Properties, Opportunities, and Challenges of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids", Journal of Nanomaterials, 2016, 8371560, 2016.
  • Wang, X., Tang, C., Huang, B., Hao, J., and Chen, G., "Review of Research Progress on the Electrical Properties and Modification of Mineral Insulating Oils Used in Power Transformers", Energies, 11, 487, 2018.
  • Ahmad, F., Khan, A. A., Khan, Q., and Hussain, M. R., "State-of-Art in Nano-Based Dielectric Oil: A Review", IEEE Access, 7, 13396-13410, 2019.
  • Stockton, D. P. et al., "Natural Ester Transformer Fluids: Safety, Reliability & Environmental Performance", IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference, 2007, September.
  • Jaroszewski, M., Beroual A., and Lachowski, L., “Insulating Barriers Efficiency on the Dielectric Strength of Organic Ester Oil Gaps”, Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, R94, 10, 104-106, 2018.
  • Perrier, C., Beroual, A., and Bessede, J. L., “Improvement of Power Transformers by using Mixtures of Mineral Oil with Synthetic Esters”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 13, 3, 556-564, 2006.
  • Fontes, D. H., Ribatski, G., and Filho, E. F. B., "Experimental Evaluation of Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity and Breakdown Voltage AC of Nanofluids of Carbon Nanotubes and Diamond in Transformer Oil", Diamond & Related Materials, 58, 115-121, 2015.
  • Oommen, T. V., "Vegetable Oils for Liquid-Filled Transformers", IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 18(1), 6-11, 2002.
  • Sitorus, H. B. H., Setiabudy, R., Bismo, S., and Beroual, A., “Jatropha Curcas Methyl Ester Oil Obtaining as Vegetable Insulating Oil”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 23(4), 2021-2028, 2016.
  • Mahanta, D. K., and Laskar, S., “Electrical Insulating Liquid: A Review”, Journal of Advanced Dielectrics, 7, 4, 2017.
  • Fofana, I., “50 Years in the Development of Insulating Liquids”, IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.,. 29(5), 13-25, 2013.
  • Tezcan, S. S., Duzkaya, H., Dincer, M. S., and Hiziroglu, H. R., “Assessment of Electron Swarm Parameters and Limiting Electric Fields in SF6+CF4+Ar Gas Mixtures”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 23(4), 1996-2005, 2016.
  • Beroual, A., Khaled, U., Noah, P. S. M., and Sitorus, H., “Comparative Study of Breakdown Voltage of Mineral, Synthetic and Natural Oils and Based Mineral Oil Mixtures under AC and DC Voltages”, Energies, 10, 511, 2017.
  • Reffas, A. et al, “Influence of Thermal Ageing and Electrical Discharges on Uninhibited Olive Oil Properties”, IET Sci. Meas. Technol., 10(7), 711–718, 2016.
  • Azizie, N. A., and Hussin, N., "Preparation of Vegetable Oil-Based Nanofluid and Studies on Its Insulating Property: A Review", J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 1432, 012025, 2020.
  • Wang, Y., Wang, F., Li, J., Liang, S., and Zhou, J. "Electronic Properties of Typical Molecules and the Discharge Mechanism of Vegetable and Mineral Insulating Oils", Energies, 11, 523, 2018.
  • Tenbohlen, S. et al, "Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Insulating Fluids to Hermetically Sealed Power Transformers", Cigre Session, A2-102, 2008.
  • Fofana, I., Wasserberg, V., Borsil, H., and Gockenbach, E., "Challenge of Mixed Insulating Liquids for Use in High-Voltage Transformers. 1. Investigation of Mixed Liquids," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 18(3), 18-31, 2002.
  • Cilliyuz, Y., Bicen, Y., Aras, F., and Aydogan, G., “Measurements and performance evaluations of natural ester and mineral oil-immersed identical transformers”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 125, 106517, 2020.
  • Hernandez-Herrera, H., Silva-Ortega, J. I., Mejia-Taboada, M., Jacome, A. D., and Torregroza-Rosas, M., “Natural ester fluids applications in transformers as a sustainable dielectric and coolant”, AIP Conf. Proc., 2123, 020049, 2019.
  • Carvalhosa, S., Leite, H., Soares, M., Branco, F., Sa, C. A., Lopes, R. C., and Santo, J. E., “Ester-based Dielectric Fluid for Power Transformers: Design and Test Experience under the GreenEst Project”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2213, 012026, 2022.
  • Rao, I. M., Fofana, I., Jaya, T., Rodriguez-Celis, E. M., Jalbert, J., and Picher, P., “Alternative Dielectric Fluids for Transformer Insulation System: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects”, IEEE Access, 7, 184552 - 184571, 2019.
  • Jacob, J., Preetha, P., and Krishnan, S. T., “Review on natural ester and nanofluids as an environmental friendly alternative to transformer mineral oil”, IET Nanodielectrics, 3(2), 33-43, 2020.
  • Doganer, M., Duzkaya, H., Tezcan, S. S., Dincer, S., and Dincer, M. S., “Molecular Orbital Properties and Insulation Characteristics of Flaxseed Oil”, Electric Power Components and Systems, 1–11, 2023.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A., “Comparative Study on the AC Breakdown Voltage of Transformer Mineral Oil with Transformer Oil-based Al2O3 Nanofluids”, in IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2018, September.
  • Choi, S. U. S., and Eastman, J. A., "Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles", Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 66–74, 1995.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A., “AC Dielectric Strength of Mineral Oil-Based Fe3O4 and Al2O3 Nanofluids”, Energies, 11, 3505, 2018.
  • Huang, Z. et al, "Electrical and Thermal Properties of Insulating Oil-Based Nanofluids: A Comprehensive Overview", IET Nanodielectrics, 2(1), 27-40, 2019.
  • Li, J., Zhang, Z., Zou, P., Grzybowski, S., and Zahn, M., "Preparation of a vegetable oil-based nanofluid and investigation of its breakdown and dielectric properties", IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 28(5), 43-50, 2012.
  • Du, B. X., and Li, X. L., "Dielectric and thermal characteristics of vegetable oil filled with BN nanoparticles", IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 24(2), 956-963, 2017.
  • Yao, W., Huang, Z., Li, J., Wu, L., and Xiang, C. "Enhanced Electrical Insulation and Heat Transfer Performance of Vegetable Oil Based Nanofluids", Journal of Nanomaterials, 2018, 4504208, 2018.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A,. "DC breakdown voltage of natural ester oil-based Fe3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanofluids", Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(6), 4611-4620, 2020.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A., "Lightning impulse breakdown voltage of synthetic and natural ester liquids-based Fe3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanofluids," Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(5), 3709-3713, 2020.
  • Duzkaya, H., and Beroual, A., “Statistical Analysis of AC Dielectric Strength of Natural Ester-Based ZnO Nanofluids”, Energies, 14, 99, 2021.
  • Beroual, A., and Duzkaya, H., “AC and Impulse Breakdown Voltages of Natural Ester Based Fullerene Nanofluids”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 28(6), 1996-2003, 2021.
  • Primo, V. A., Garcia, B., Burgos, J. C., and Perez-Rosa, D., "Investigation of the Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltage of Mineral Oil based Fe3O4 Nanofluids", Coatings, 9, 799, 201939.
  • Rafiq, M., Shafique, M., Azam, A., and Ateeq, M., “Transformer oil-based nanofluid: The application of nanomaterials on thermal, electrical and physicochemical properties of liquid insulation- A review”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12, 555–576, 2021.
  • Fal, J., Mahian, O., and Zyla, G., “Nanofluids in the Service of High Voltage Transformers: Breakdown Properties of Transformer Oils with Nanoparticles, a Review”, Energies, 11, 2942, 2018.
  • Elsaid, K., Olabi, A. G., Wilberforce, T., Andelkareem, M. A., and Sayed, E. T., “Environmental impacts of nanofluids: A review”, Science of the Total Environment, 763, 144202, 2021.
  • Sarpataky, M., Kurimsky, J., and Rajnak, M., “Dielectric Fluids for Power Transformers with Special Emphasis on Biodegradable Nanofluids”, Nanomaterials, 11, 2885, 2021.
  • Asmatulu, E., Twomey, J., and Overcash, M., “Life Cycle and Nano-Products: End-of-Life Assessment”, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 14, 720, 2012.
  • Asano, R., and Page, S. A., “Reducing Environmental Impact and Improving Safety and Performance of Power Transformers with Natural Ester Dielectric Insulating Fluids”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(1), 134-141, 2014.
  • Khan, A. A., Tariq, M., Khan, A. A., Alamri, B., and Mihet-Popa, L., “Assessment of Thermophysical Performance of Ester-Based Nanofluids for Enhanced Insulation Cooling in Transformers”, Electronics, 11, 376, 2022.
  • Reffas, A., Moulai, H., and Beroual, A., “Comparison of Dielectric Properties of Olive Oil, Mineral Oil, and other Natural and Synthetic Ester Liquids under AC and Lightning Impulse Stresses”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 25(5), 1822-1830, 2018.
  • Rozga, P., “Using the Light Emission Measurement in Assessment of Electrical Discharge Development in Different Liquid Dielectrics under Lightning Impulse Voltage”, Electric Power Systems Research, 140, 321-328, 2016.
  • Haegele, S., Vahidi, F., Tenbohlen, S., Rapp, J. J., and Sbravati, A., “Lightning Impulse Withstand of Natural Ester Liquid”, Energies, 11, 1964, 2018.
  • Dang, V. H., Beroual, A., and Perrier, C., “Investigations on Streamers Phenomena in Mineral, Synthetic and Natural Ester Oils under Lightning Impulse Voltage”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 19(5), 1521-1527, 2012.

APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 8 - 16, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1356778

Öz

The electrical and environmental disadvantages of mineral oils, traditionally used as insulating fluids in power systems, lead to the search for alternatives. Natural esters produced from vegetable seeds are one of the most important alternatives. Natural esters with high dielectric strength can meet ultra-high voltage transformer design requirements. In addition, they can respond to environmental concerns caused by transformer oils with their biodegradability. This study first compares natural esters with other trans-former oils and explains why natural esters stand out. The basic properties of natural esters are defined in terms of advantages and disadvantages, and power system applications are exemplified. Esterification and synthesis of nanoparticle-added nanofluids, widely used in the literature to improve natural esters' electrical and thermal properties, are presented with experimental applications. Natural esters can have a better oxidation stability with the esterification process. The AC, DC, and lightning impulse (LI) break-down voltages of nanofluids based on natural esters also enhanced by 10% on average. This substation and experimental applications in which natural esters are used show that these environmentally friendly oils can provide insulation requirements in many power system equipment, especially transformers.

Destekleyen Kurum

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

Kaynakça

  • Khaled, U. and Beroual, A., “Statistical Investigation of AC Dielectric Strength of Natural Ester Oil-Based Fe3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2 Nano-Fluids”, IEEE Access, 7, 60594-60601, 2019.
  • Dincer, M. S., Tezcan, S. S., and Duzkaya, H., “Suppression of Electron Avalanches in Ultra-Dilute SF6-N2 Mixtures Subjected to Time-Invariant Crossed Fields”, Energies, 11, 3247, 1-14, 2018.
  • Duzkaya, H., Tezcan, S. S., Acarturk, A., and Yilmaz, M., “Environmental and Physiochemical Properties of Gaseous Dielectrics Alternatives to SF6”, El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, 7(3), 1460-1470, 2020.
  • Jaroszewski, M., Beroual, A., and Golebiowski, D., “Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Loss Factor of Biodegradable Transformer Oil”, in IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2018, September.
  • Rafiq, M., Lv, Y., and Li, C., "A Review on Properties, Opportunities, and Challenges of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids", Journal of Nanomaterials, 2016, 8371560, 2016.
  • Wang, X., Tang, C., Huang, B., Hao, J., and Chen, G., "Review of Research Progress on the Electrical Properties and Modification of Mineral Insulating Oils Used in Power Transformers", Energies, 11, 487, 2018.
  • Ahmad, F., Khan, A. A., Khan, Q., and Hussain, M. R., "State-of-Art in Nano-Based Dielectric Oil: A Review", IEEE Access, 7, 13396-13410, 2019.
  • Stockton, D. P. et al., "Natural Ester Transformer Fluids: Safety, Reliability & Environmental Performance", IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference, 2007, September.
  • Jaroszewski, M., Beroual A., and Lachowski, L., “Insulating Barriers Efficiency on the Dielectric Strength of Organic Ester Oil Gaps”, Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, R94, 10, 104-106, 2018.
  • Perrier, C., Beroual, A., and Bessede, J. L., “Improvement of Power Transformers by using Mixtures of Mineral Oil with Synthetic Esters”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 13, 3, 556-564, 2006.
  • Fontes, D. H., Ribatski, G., and Filho, E. F. B., "Experimental Evaluation of Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity and Breakdown Voltage AC of Nanofluids of Carbon Nanotubes and Diamond in Transformer Oil", Diamond & Related Materials, 58, 115-121, 2015.
  • Oommen, T. V., "Vegetable Oils for Liquid-Filled Transformers", IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 18(1), 6-11, 2002.
  • Sitorus, H. B. H., Setiabudy, R., Bismo, S., and Beroual, A., “Jatropha Curcas Methyl Ester Oil Obtaining as Vegetable Insulating Oil”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 23(4), 2021-2028, 2016.
  • Mahanta, D. K., and Laskar, S., “Electrical Insulating Liquid: A Review”, Journal of Advanced Dielectrics, 7, 4, 2017.
  • Fofana, I., “50 Years in the Development of Insulating Liquids”, IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.,. 29(5), 13-25, 2013.
  • Tezcan, S. S., Duzkaya, H., Dincer, M. S., and Hiziroglu, H. R., “Assessment of Electron Swarm Parameters and Limiting Electric Fields in SF6+CF4+Ar Gas Mixtures”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 23(4), 1996-2005, 2016.
  • Beroual, A., Khaled, U., Noah, P. S. M., and Sitorus, H., “Comparative Study of Breakdown Voltage of Mineral, Synthetic and Natural Oils and Based Mineral Oil Mixtures under AC and DC Voltages”, Energies, 10, 511, 2017.
  • Reffas, A. et al, “Influence of Thermal Ageing and Electrical Discharges on Uninhibited Olive Oil Properties”, IET Sci. Meas. Technol., 10(7), 711–718, 2016.
  • Azizie, N. A., and Hussin, N., "Preparation of Vegetable Oil-Based Nanofluid and Studies on Its Insulating Property: A Review", J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 1432, 012025, 2020.
  • Wang, Y., Wang, F., Li, J., Liang, S., and Zhou, J. "Electronic Properties of Typical Molecules and the Discharge Mechanism of Vegetable and Mineral Insulating Oils", Energies, 11, 523, 2018.
  • Tenbohlen, S. et al, "Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Insulating Fluids to Hermetically Sealed Power Transformers", Cigre Session, A2-102, 2008.
  • Fofana, I., Wasserberg, V., Borsil, H., and Gockenbach, E., "Challenge of Mixed Insulating Liquids for Use in High-Voltage Transformers. 1. Investigation of Mixed Liquids," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 18(3), 18-31, 2002.
  • Cilliyuz, Y., Bicen, Y., Aras, F., and Aydogan, G., “Measurements and performance evaluations of natural ester and mineral oil-immersed identical transformers”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 125, 106517, 2020.
  • Hernandez-Herrera, H., Silva-Ortega, J. I., Mejia-Taboada, M., Jacome, A. D., and Torregroza-Rosas, M., “Natural ester fluids applications in transformers as a sustainable dielectric and coolant”, AIP Conf. Proc., 2123, 020049, 2019.
  • Carvalhosa, S., Leite, H., Soares, M., Branco, F., Sa, C. A., Lopes, R. C., and Santo, J. E., “Ester-based Dielectric Fluid for Power Transformers: Design and Test Experience under the GreenEst Project”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2213, 012026, 2022.
  • Rao, I. M., Fofana, I., Jaya, T., Rodriguez-Celis, E. M., Jalbert, J., and Picher, P., “Alternative Dielectric Fluids for Transformer Insulation System: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects”, IEEE Access, 7, 184552 - 184571, 2019.
  • Jacob, J., Preetha, P., and Krishnan, S. T., “Review on natural ester and nanofluids as an environmental friendly alternative to transformer mineral oil”, IET Nanodielectrics, 3(2), 33-43, 2020.
  • Doganer, M., Duzkaya, H., Tezcan, S. S., Dincer, S., and Dincer, M. S., “Molecular Orbital Properties and Insulation Characteristics of Flaxseed Oil”, Electric Power Components and Systems, 1–11, 2023.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A., “Comparative Study on the AC Breakdown Voltage of Transformer Mineral Oil with Transformer Oil-based Al2O3 Nanofluids”, in IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2018, September.
  • Choi, S. U. S., and Eastman, J. A., "Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles", Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 66–74, 1995.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A., “AC Dielectric Strength of Mineral Oil-Based Fe3O4 and Al2O3 Nanofluids”, Energies, 11, 3505, 2018.
  • Huang, Z. et al, "Electrical and Thermal Properties of Insulating Oil-Based Nanofluids: A Comprehensive Overview", IET Nanodielectrics, 2(1), 27-40, 2019.
  • Li, J., Zhang, Z., Zou, P., Grzybowski, S., and Zahn, M., "Preparation of a vegetable oil-based nanofluid and investigation of its breakdown and dielectric properties", IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 28(5), 43-50, 2012.
  • Du, B. X., and Li, X. L., "Dielectric and thermal characteristics of vegetable oil filled with BN nanoparticles", IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 24(2), 956-963, 2017.
  • Yao, W., Huang, Z., Li, J., Wu, L., and Xiang, C. "Enhanced Electrical Insulation and Heat Transfer Performance of Vegetable Oil Based Nanofluids", Journal of Nanomaterials, 2018, 4504208, 2018.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A,. "DC breakdown voltage of natural ester oil-based Fe3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanofluids", Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(6), 4611-4620, 2020.
  • Khaled, U., and Beroual, A., "Lightning impulse breakdown voltage of synthetic and natural ester liquids-based Fe3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanofluids," Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(5), 3709-3713, 2020.
  • Duzkaya, H., and Beroual, A., “Statistical Analysis of AC Dielectric Strength of Natural Ester-Based ZnO Nanofluids”, Energies, 14, 99, 2021.
  • Beroual, A., and Duzkaya, H., “AC and Impulse Breakdown Voltages of Natural Ester Based Fullerene Nanofluids”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 28(6), 1996-2003, 2021.
  • Primo, V. A., Garcia, B., Burgos, J. C., and Perez-Rosa, D., "Investigation of the Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltage of Mineral Oil based Fe3O4 Nanofluids", Coatings, 9, 799, 201939.
  • Rafiq, M., Shafique, M., Azam, A., and Ateeq, M., “Transformer oil-based nanofluid: The application of nanomaterials on thermal, electrical and physicochemical properties of liquid insulation- A review”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12, 555–576, 2021.
  • Fal, J., Mahian, O., and Zyla, G., “Nanofluids in the Service of High Voltage Transformers: Breakdown Properties of Transformer Oils with Nanoparticles, a Review”, Energies, 11, 2942, 2018.
  • Elsaid, K., Olabi, A. G., Wilberforce, T., Andelkareem, M. A., and Sayed, E. T., “Environmental impacts of nanofluids: A review”, Science of the Total Environment, 763, 144202, 2021.
  • Sarpataky, M., Kurimsky, J., and Rajnak, M., “Dielectric Fluids for Power Transformers with Special Emphasis on Biodegradable Nanofluids”, Nanomaterials, 11, 2885, 2021.
  • Asmatulu, E., Twomey, J., and Overcash, M., “Life Cycle and Nano-Products: End-of-Life Assessment”, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 14, 720, 2012.
  • Asano, R., and Page, S. A., “Reducing Environmental Impact and Improving Safety and Performance of Power Transformers with Natural Ester Dielectric Insulating Fluids”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(1), 134-141, 2014.
  • Khan, A. A., Tariq, M., Khan, A. A., Alamri, B., and Mihet-Popa, L., “Assessment of Thermophysical Performance of Ester-Based Nanofluids for Enhanced Insulation Cooling in Transformers”, Electronics, 11, 376, 2022.
  • Reffas, A., Moulai, H., and Beroual, A., “Comparison of Dielectric Properties of Olive Oil, Mineral Oil, and other Natural and Synthetic Ester Liquids under AC and Lightning Impulse Stresses”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 25(5), 1822-1830, 2018.
  • Rozga, P., “Using the Light Emission Measurement in Assessment of Electrical Discharge Development in Different Liquid Dielectrics under Lightning Impulse Voltage”, Electric Power Systems Research, 140, 321-328, 2016.
  • Haegele, S., Vahidi, F., Tenbohlen, S., Rapp, J. J., and Sbravati, A., “Lightning Impulse Withstand of Natural Ester Liquid”, Energies, 11, 1964, 2018.
  • Dang, V. H., Beroual, A., and Perrier, C., “Investigations on Streamers Phenomena in Mineral, Synthetic and Natural Ester Oils under Lightning Impulse Voltage”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 19(5), 1521-1527, 2012.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Elektrik Enerjisi Taşıma, Şebeke ve Sistemleri, Yüksek Gerilim
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Hıdır Düzkaya 0000-0002-2157-0438

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Düzkaya, H. (2024). APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 10(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1356778
AMA Düzkaya H. APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. Haziran 2024;10(1):8-16. doi:10.22531/muglajsci.1356778
Chicago Düzkaya, Hıdır. “APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 10, sy. 1 (Haziran 2024): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1356778.
EndNote Düzkaya H (01 Haziran 2024) APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 10 1 8–16.
IEEE H. Düzkaya, “APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS”, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, c. 10, sy. 1, ss. 8–16, 2024, doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.1356778.
ISNAD Düzkaya, Hıdır. “APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 10/1 (Haziran 2024), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1356778.
JAMA Düzkaya H. APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2024;10:8–16.
MLA Düzkaya, Hıdır. “APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, c. 10, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 8-16, doi:10.22531/muglajsci.1356778.
Vancouver Düzkaya H. APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL ESTERS ALTERNATIVE TO MINERAL OILS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2024;10(1):8-16.

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