İRİBAŞ DENİZ KAPLUMBAĞASI İÇİN YENİ BELİRLENEN YUVALAMA KUMSALININ HAPLOTİP ANALİZLERİ: YAKACIK KUMSALI, TÜRKİYE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 159 - 165, 30.06.2024

Arzu Kaska , Doğan Sözbilen

https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1427841

Öz

Deniz kaplumbağaları, doğumları kumsala tekrar yuva yapmak için dönme davranışlarından dolayı kumsallarına veya bölgelerine göre genetik olarak farklılık göstermektedirler. Bu farklılık, tek bir kumsal veya kumsallardan oluşmuş bir yönetim birimi olabilir. Türkiye'nin Akdeniz kıyılarında çok sayıda küçük kumsallar ve erişilemeyen uzak kumsallar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Antalya ve Mersin il sınırındaki yeni bir yuvalama kumsalı olan Yakacık kumsalında yuvalayan Caretta caretta türü kaplumbağaların genetik yapısı araştırılmıştır. 2020 ve 2021 yuvalama sezonunda yuvalardan toplanan 16 örnekte CC-A2.1 ve CC-A3.1 olmak üzere iki haplotip tespit edilmiştir. Annelerden kalıtım yoluyla geçen mtDNA araştırıldığı için her yuvadan sadece bir adet örnek toplanmıştır. Bu haplotiplerin varlığı sonucunda, yakacık kumsalının Doğu Türkiye Yönetim Birimi'nde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye, İribaş deniz kaplumbağaları (Caretta caretta) ve yeşil deniz kaplumbağalarının (Chelonia mydas) Akdeniz'deki en önemli yuvalama alanlarından birine sahip olup, yakın zamanda belirlenen kumsallarla birlikte toplamda 23 yuvalama kumsalı olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, yeni belirlenen yuvalama kumsallarının genetik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve Akdeniz deniz kaplumbağaları için genetik çeşitliliğin de araştırılmasının da önemine değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akdeniz, Caretta caretta, Haplotip, mtDNA, Yuvalama kumsalı

HAPLOTYPE ANALYSES OF NEWLY IDENTIFIED NESTING BEACH FOR LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE: YAKACIK BEACH, TURKIYE

Öz

Sea turtles can be genetically differentiated for their nesting beaches or regions because they show natal homing behaviour. This may be a single beach or as a management unit of several beaches. Mediterranean coast of Türkiye has many small pocket beaches and other inaccessible remote sandy beaches. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of a newly identified loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting site, Yakacık beach in the border of Antalya and Mersin provinces. The CC-A2.1 and CC-A3.1 haplotypes were defined within the 16 samples collected from the nests during the 2020 and 2021 nesting seasons. One sample per nest were collected as we are interested in mtDNA inherited only from mothers. The beach is identified in the Eastern Türkiye Management Unit for the presence of these haplotypes. There are 23 nesting beaches along the Mediterranean coast of Türkiye and these beaches are very important nesting sites for the loggerhead and the green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Mediterranean. In this study, we analysed the genetic structure of a newly identified nesting beach and the importance of genetic diversity for Mediterranean Sea turtles was emphasized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Caretta caretta, Haplotype, Mediterranean, mtDNA, Nesting site expansion

Kaynakça

• Casale, P., Broderick, A.C, Camiñas, J.A., Cardona, L., Carreras, C., Demetropoulos, A,Fuller, W.J., Godley, B.J., Hochscheid, S., Kaska, Y., Lazar, B., Margaritoulis, D., Panagopoulou, A, Rees, AF, Tomás, J. and Turkozan, O. "REVIEW: Mediterranean sea turtles: current knowledge and priorities for conservation and research", Endangered Species Research, 36, 229–267, 2018.
• Casale, P. and Tucker, A.D., "Caretta caretta. In: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2015.
• Henson SA, Beaulieu C, Ilyina T, John JG, Long M, Séférian R. Tjiputra, J. and Sarmiento, JL. "Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems", Nature Communications, 8(1), 14682, 2017.
• Pecl, G.T., Araujo, M.B., Bell, J.D., Blanchard, J., Bonebrake, T.C., Clark, T.D., et al. "Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being", Science, 80. 355, eaai9214, 2017.
• Kelly, MW, Sanford, E. and Grosberg, RK., "Limited potential for adaptation to climate change in a broadly distributed marine crustacean", Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society, 279, 349–356, 2012.
• Bowen, B.W., Avise, J.C., Rıhardson, J.I., Meylan, A.B., Margarıtoulıs, D. and Hopkıns-Murpy, S.R. "Population structure of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea", Conservation Biology, 7, 834-844, 1993.
• Nishizawa, H., Abe, O., Okuyama, J., Kobayash, M. and Arai, N., "Population genetic structure and implications for natal philopatry of nesting green turtles Chelonia mydas in the Yaeyama Islands. Jpn", Endangered Species Research. 14, 141–148, 2011.
• Clusa, M., Carreras, C., Cardona, L., Demetropoulos, A., Margaritoulis, D., Rees, A Hamza, A, Khalil, M, Levy, Y., Türkozan, O., Aguilar, A. and Pascual, M., "Philopatry in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta): beyond the gender paradigm", Biology, Environmental Science Marine Ecology Progress Series, 588, 201−213, 2017.
• Carreras, C., Pascual, M, Tomas, J., Marco, A, Hochscheid, S., Castillo J,Gozalbes, P,Parga, M, Piovano, S. and Cardona, L., "Sporadic nesting reveals long distance colonisation in the philopatric loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) ", Scientific Reports, 8, 1435, 2018.
• Hochscheid, S., Maffucci, F., Abella, E., Bradai, M.N., Camedda, A., Carreras, C., et al. "Nesting range expansion of loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean: Phenology, spatial distribution, and conservation implications", Global Ecology and Conservation. 38: e02194,2022.
• LePage, C. and Cury, P., "How spatial heterogeneity influences population dynamics: Simulations in SeaLab", Adaptive Behavior, 4, 255–281, 1996.
• Casale, P. and Ceriani, SA., "Sea turtle populations are overestimated worldwide from remigration intervals: correction for bias", Endangered Species Research. 41,141-151, 2020
• Ben Hassine, J. and Escoriza, D., "Caretta caretta in Tunisia: natural history and report of a new regular nesting area", Herpetological Review. 44, 557–561, 2013.
• Canbolat, A. F., Atatunç, K., Candan, O. and Barcak, D., "A new green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting site in the Mediterranean: Sugözü beaches, Adana (Turkey)", In The Second Mediterranean Conference on Sea Turtles , 4 (7), 2005.
• Metcalfe, K., Agamboué, P.D., Augowet, E, Boussamba, F., Cardiec, F, Fay, J.M., et al. Going the extra mile: ground-based monitoring of olive ridley turtles reveals Gabon hosts the largest rookery in the Atlantic", Biological Conservation, 190, 14–22, 2015.
• Carreras, C., Pascual, M., Cardona, L., Aguilar, A., Margaritoulis, D., Rees, A., Turkozan, O., Levy, Y., Gasith, A., Aureggi, M. and Khalil, M., "The genetic structure of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Mediterranean as revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and its conservation implications", Conservation Genetic, 8, 761–775, 2007.
• Yilmaz C, Turkozan O. and Bardakci F., "Genetic structure of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) populations in Turkey", Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39,266−276, 2011.
• Kaska, Y., "Genetic structure of Mediterranean sea turtle populations", Turkish Journal of Zoology. 24:191-197, 2000.
• Carreras, C., Rees, A., Broderick, A.C., Godley, B.J., Margaritoulis, D., "Mitochondrial DNA markers of loggerhead marine turtles (Caretta caretta) (Testudines: Cheloniidae) nesting at Kyparissia Bay, Greece, confirm the western Greece unit and regional structuring", Scientia Marina, 78, 115-124, 2014.
• Bowen B.W., Bass A.L., Soares L., Toonen R.J., "Conservation implications of complex population structure: lessons from the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) ", Molecular Ecology, 14, 2389-2402, 2005.
• Chomchat, P., Klinsawat, W., Sirinarumitr, K., Inthong, N., Sirinarumitr, T., "Genetic structure and diversity of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in the Gulf of Thailand" , Veterinary World ,17, 37-49, 2024.
• Bowen, B.W., Abreu-Grobois, F.A., Balazs, G.H., Kamezaki, N., Limpus, C.L., and Ferl, R. J., "Trans-Pacific migrations of the loggerhead sea turtle demonstrated with mitochondrial DNA markers", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 92, 3731-3734, 1995.
• Bowen, B.W., Karl, S.A., "Population genetics and phylogeography of sea turtles", Molecular Ecology, 16, 4886-4907, 2007.
• Shamblin, B.M., Bolten, A.B., Abreu-Grobois, F.A., Bjorndal, K.A., Cardona, L, et al. "Geographic Patterns of Genetic Variation in a Broadly Distributed Marine Vertebrate: New Insights into Loggerhead Turtle Stock Structure from Expanded Mitochondrial DNA Sequences", PLoS ONE, 9(1), 2014
• Schroth, W., Streit, B. and Schierwater, B., "Evolutionary handicap for turtles", Nature, 384, 521−522, 1996.
• Kaska, A., Koç, G., Sözbilen, D. Salih, D, Glidan, A. et al. "Increased sample size provides novel insights into population structure of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles", Conservation Genetic Resources, 15, 67–75, 2023.
• Loisier, A., Savelli, M.P., Arnal, V., Claro, F., Gambaiani, D., Sénégas, JB., Cesarini, C., Sacchi, J., Miaud, C., Montgelard, C. "Genetic composition, origin and conservation of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) frequenting the French Mediterranean coasts" Marine Biology, 168:52, 2021.
• Vella, A., Vella, N. "Conservation Genetics of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Caretta caretta, from the Central Mediterranean: An Insight into the Species’ Reproductive Behaviour in Maltese Waters"Animals, 14(1), 137, 2024.
• Baran, I. and Kasparek, M., "Marine Turtles in Turkey: Status Survey and Recommendations for Conservation and Management", World Wide Fund for Nature, Heidelberg, 1998.
• Canbolat, A.F., "A review of sea turtle nesting activity along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey", Biological Conservation,116, 81–91, 2004.
• Casale, P. and Margaritoulis, D., "Sea turtles in the Mediterranean Distribution, threats and conservation priorities. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland, 2010.
• Türkozan, O., Kaska, Y., Turkey: Eds. Casale, P. and Margaritoulis, D. "Sea turtles in the Mediterranean: Distribution, threats and conservation priorities. Gland. Switzerland, IUCN, 294, 2010.
• Sönmez, B., Elginöz, E., Ilgaz, M. and Altınkaya, H., "Nesting activity of loggerheadturtles (2013–2020) and 20 years abundance trend (2001–2020) on Çıralı Beach", Turkey.Regional Studies in Marine Science, 44, 2021.
• Ergene, S., Aymak, C. and Uçar, A. H. "Nesting activity of the marine turtles (Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta) during 2005 in Alata, Mersin-Turkey. In Book of Abstracts. 26th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle", Biology and Conservation, Island of Crete, Greece. p. 293, 2005.
• Ergene, S., Ergene, M., Uçar, A. H., Aymak, C. and Kaçar, Y. "Identification of a new nesting beach in Mersin, Turkey: Nesting activity of green and loggerhead sea turtles over 6 nesting seasons (2009-2014) at Davultepe Beach", Marine Turtle Newsletter, 149, 6-9, 2016.
• Kıdeyş, A.E. and Özkan, K., ODTU/Kocahasanlı Kumsalı Raporu. Unpublished report, 2019.
• Sözbilen, D., "A potential nesting site for loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta): Yakacik beach Türkiye", Commagene Journal of Biology, 2024.
• Loisier, A., Savelli, M-P., Arnal, V., Delphine, G., Senegas, J.B., Cesarini, C., Sacchi, J., Miaud, C. and Mondgelard, C., "Genetic composition, origin and conservation of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) frequenting the French Mediterranean coasts", Marine Biology, 168, 52, 2021.
• Abreu-Grobois, FA, Horrocks, J, Formia, A, Leroux, R.A., Velez-Zuazo, X., Dutton, P., Soarez, L., Meylan, P. and Browne D.C., "New mtDNA D-loop primers which work for a variety of marine turtle species may increase the resolution of mixed stock analysis. In: Frick, M., Panagopoulou, A., Rees, A.F. and Williams, K. Book of Abstracts. Twenty Sixth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation", International Sea Turtle Society, Athens, Greece. 376 pp, 2006.
• Hall, T.A., "BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT", Nuclear Acids Symposium Series 41:95–98, 1999.
• Librado P., Rozas J. and DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data", Bioinformatics 25,1451–1452, 2009.
• Pella, J. and Masuda, M.,"Bayesian methods for analysis of stock mixtures from genetic characters", Fish. Bull. 99, 151–167, 2001.
• Avise, J.C., Bowen, B.W., Bermingham, E., Meylan, A.B. and Lamb, T., "Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle’s pace: evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9, 457–473, 1992.
• Encalada, S.E., Bjorndal, K.A., Bolten, A.B., Zurita, J.C., Schroeder, B., Possardt, E., Sears, CJ. and Bowen, BW., "Population structure of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nestingcolonies in the Atlantic and Mediterranean as inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region sequences", Marine Biology, 130, 567–575, 1998.
• Laurent, L., Casale, P., Bradai, M.N., Godley, B.J., Broderick, G.G, Schroth, W., Schierwater, B., Levy, A.M., Freggi, D. and Abd El-Mawla, E.M., "Molecular resolution of marine turtle stock composition in fishery bycatch: a case study in the Mediterranean", Molecular Ecology 7, 1529-1542, 1998.
• Barbanti, A., Blumenthal, J.M., Broderick, A.C. Godley, B.J., Prad-Varela A., Turmo M., Pascual, M. and Carreas, C., "The architecture of assisted colonisation in sea turtles: building new populations in a biodiversity crisis", Nature Communications, 13: 1580, 2022.
• Shamblin, B.M., Dodd, M.G., Griffin, D.B., Pate, S.M., Godfrey, M.H., Coyne, M.S, Williams, K.L.; Pfaller, JL,Ondic, B.L.; Andrews, K.M., Boettcher, R. and Nairn, C.J., "Improved female abundance and reproductive parameter estimates through subpopulation-scale genetic capture-recapture of loggerhead turtles", Marine Biology, 164, 1–14, 2017.
• Snape, R.T.E., Broderic, A., Çiçek, B.A., Fuller, W.J., Glen, F., Stokes, K. and Godley, B.J., "Shelf life: neritic habitat use of a turtle population highly threatened by fisheries", Diversity and Distributions, 22; 797–807, 2016.
• Turkozan, O., Yılmaz, C., Uçar, A.H., Carreras, C., Ergene, S., Aymak, C. and Karama, S., "Local differentiation in the origin of stranded loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, within an eastern Turkey foraging area", Ocean & Coastal Management., 153, 70-75, 2018.
• Tolve, L, Lannucci, A,· Garofalo, L, ·Ninni, A, · Dondona, AC, Ceciarini, I, Cocumelli, C, et al “Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing provides new insights into the phylogeography of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology, 171:19, 2024.