AŞIRI SAĞIN YÜKSELİŞİ: RESME KÜRESEL PERSPEKTİFTEN BAKMAK

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 53, 47 - 70, 03.04.2018

Halil Kürşad Aslan

Öz

Son çeyrek asır içinde yapılan seçimlerde aşırı
sağ partiler sistematik ve istikrarlı bir biçimde
yükseliş eğilimindedir. Öte yandan aşırı sağ
partiler bazı ülkelerde yükselirken diğer bazılarında farklı bir seyir izlemektedir: ya hiç prim
yapmamakta veya önce yükselip sonra iniş eğilimine girmekte ya da dalgalı bir patika izlemektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, çalışmanın ana
argümanı; aşırı sağ partilerin güç kazanmasını açıklayan en önemli parametrenin, küresel
ekonomik sistemdeki değişim ve dönüşümlerle
beraber küreselleşmenin toplumsal dokularda
ve kültürel alanda yarattığı tahribat ile ilgili olduğu şeklindedir. Aşırı sağı besleyen başlıca
olay ve olgular son on yılda gözlemlenen ekonomik durgunluk ve genç işsizliği, artan şiddet
ve terör olayları, göçmen dalgasının dünyayı
sarmasıyla tetiklenen milliyetçilik ve popülizm
gibi faktörlerdir. Bu makalede, Peter Gourevitch tarafından uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinine
kazandırılan “ikinci düzeye tersten bakış” metaforundan yararlanılmaktadır. Bu teorik modelin
desteği ile aşırı sağ partilerin yükselişinin küresel dinamiklerle başarılı bir şekilde ilişkilendirilebileceği tezi savunulmaktadır. Gourevitch’e
göre, merkezi bir devletin var olmadığı küresel
sistemde oluşan dev dalgaların devletlere ve
toplumlara doğru nüfuz etmesi kaçınılmazdır.
Böylelikle aşırı sağ siyasi oluşumların gelişim
ve kurumsallaşmasının anlaşılması kolaylaşacaktır. Ayrıca, aşırı sağın yükselişindeki temel
sebep-sonuç ilişkisinin doğru biçimde ortaya
konulması ile daha sağlıklı siyasi sistemlerin
hem devletler bazında hem de küresel yönetişimde tesis edilebilmesi kolaylaşacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşırı Sağ, Küreselleşme, Küresel Yönetişim, Müslüman Karşıtlığı, Uluslararası İlişkiler

Kaynakça

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