İSLAMOFOBİ VE ANTİ-SEMİTİZM KARŞILAŞTIRMALARINI ANLAMLANDIRMAK: KAPSAMLI BİR LİTERATÜR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 53, 119 - 148, 03.04.2018

Enes Bayraklı , Oğuz Güngörmez

Öz

Anti-Semitizm ile İslamofobi arasındaki benzerliklere yönelik sürdürülen tartışmalar son
zamanlarda oldukça artmıştır. Bu kapsamda
akademide ve kamuoyunda “İslamofobi yeni
anti-Semitizm mi?” sorusu çok fazla sorulmaya
başlanmış ve iki olgu arasındaki benzerlik ve
farklılıkların tartışıldığı çok sayıda çalışmanın
yer aldığı zengin bir literatür ortaya çıkmıştır.
Bu bakımdan elinizdeki makale konuyla ilgili
ortaya konan çalışmalar ve yürütülen tartışmaları sınıfandırarak bu konuya dair genel bir
çerçeve çizmek ve ortaya çıkan zengin literatürü değerlendirmek amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede İslamofobi ve anti-Semitizm
karşılaştırmasına yönelik ortaya konmuş olan
çalışmalar ve sürdürülen tartışmalar çeşitli
konu başlıkları altında tasnife tabi tutularak
okuyucuya kapsamlı ve bütünlüklü bir çerçeve
sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslamofobi, Anti-Semitizm, İslam, Post-Kolonyalizm

Kaynakça

• AHMED, N. (2004). European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe Vol. 37, No. 1 (Spring 2004), SS. 124-127 (speech at world jewish congress)
• ANIJDAR, G. (2003). The Jew the Arab A History of the Enemy, Stanford University Press, Stanford: California.
• BAYRAKLI, E., HAFEZ, F. (2016). Introduction, s.6-7, içinde: Bayraklı, Enes ve Hafez, Fared (Ed) (2016) European Islamophobia Report 2015, SETA.
• BANGSTAD, S., BUNZL, M. (2010). “Anthropologists Are Talking About Islamophobia and AntiSemitism in the New Europe.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, vol. 75:2, ss. 213-228, p. 215.
• BENBASSA, E. (2007) “Xenophobia, Anti-Semitisim and Racism; Europe recurring Evils”, Bunz (ed.) “Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe.” Prickly Paradigm Press/University of Chicago Press.
• BUNZL, M. (2005). “Between Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Some Thoughts on the New Europe.” American Ethnologist Volume 32, Issue 4.
• BUNZL, M. (ed.) (2007) “Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe.” Prickly Paradigm Press/University of Chicago Press.
• BOBAKO, M. (2017). The Palestinian Knot; The ‘New Anti-Semitism’, Islamophobia and the Question of postcolonial Europe, Theory, Culture & Society, https://doi. org/10.1177/0263276417708859,
• CESARANI, D. (2011). “Are Muslims the new Jews? Comparing Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism in Britain and Europe.” YIISA Discussion Paper, July 31, isgap.org/david-cesarani.
• COUSIN, G., FINE (2012). Robert. “A Common Cause.” European Societies, vol. 14:2, ss. 166-185,
• DOBKOWSKI, M. (2015). Islamophobia and Anti Semitism. Cross Currents, Volume 65, ss. 321- 333. doi:10.1111/cros.12142
• DØVING, C. A. (2010). “Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: A Comparison of Imposed Group Identities,” Dansk Tidsskrift for Islamforskning, no. 2, ss. 52-76.
• DØVING, C. A. (2014, 1 Temmuz). Antisemitizm ve İslamofobi: Empoze Edilmiş Topluluk Kimlikleri. www.perspektif.eu.
• HAFEZ, F. (2016). Comparing anti-Semitism and Islamophobia The state of the field, Islamophobia Studies Journal, VOLUME 3, NO. 2, Spring, ss. 16-34.
• HIDIR, Ö. (2007). “Anti-İslamizm ve Anti-Semitizm: Tarihsel ve Kavramsal Farklılıklar ve Benzerlikler”, Kadir Canatan, Özcan Hıdır (Eds.), Batı Dünyasında İslamofobi ve AntiSemitizm, Ankara: Eskiyeni Yayınları.
• KALMAR, I. (2009). “Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: The Formation of a Secret”, Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge: Vol. 7: Iss. 2, Article 11.
• KALMAR, I. (2012). Early Orientalism; Imagined Islam and the Notion of Sublime Power, London and Newyork: Routledge.
• KALMAR, I. (2017). Is Islamophobia the New Antisemitism?, SETA, https://www.setav.org/en/ is-islamophobia-the-new-antisemitism/, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.01.2018)
• KLUG, B. (2014). “The Limits of Analogy: Comparing Islamophobia and Antisemitism.” Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 48, no. 5, December.
• LEWIS, B. (2004). “The New Anti-Semitism”, The American Scholar, Volume 75 No. 1, Winter 2006, pp. 25-36.
• MEER, N.(2013). “Semantics, scales and solidarities in the study of antisemitism and Islamophobia” Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 36, no. 3, ss. 500-515.
• NATHAN, J. (2016, 5 Ağustos). Islamophobia isn’t the ‘New Antisemitism’ and the Statistics Prove It. ABC, http://www.abc.net.au.
• RENTON, J., GIDLEY, B. (eds.) (2017). Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe; A Shared Story, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• SAID, E. (1978). Oryantalizm, İstanbul: Pınar Yayınları, 2. Baskı, s. 317.
• SAYYID, S. (2014). “A Measure of Islamophobia”, Islamophobia Studies Journal Volume 2, No. 1, Spring, pp. 10-25.
• SCHIFFER, S., WAGNER, C. (2011). “Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia - new enemies, old patterns.” Race and Class, Vol. 52(3), 2011, ss. 77–84
• SILVERSTEIN, A. P. (2008). The context of antisemitism and Islamophobia in France, Patterns of Prejudice, 42:1, ss. 1-26, DOI: 10.1080/00313220701805877
• TOPOLSKI, A. (2013). “How Jews and Muslims Became Races: A Genealogy of Antisemitism and Islamophobia” Philosophy of Race: Introductory Readings, 2013. https://www.academia. edu/8264570/How_Jews_and_Muslims_Became_Races_A_Genealogy_of_Antisemitis m_and_Islamophobia (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2018)
• WEAVER, S. (2013). A rhetorical discourse analysis of online anti-Muslim and anti-Semitic jokes, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36:3, 483-499, DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2013.734386
• WEBMAN, E. (2012). Discourses On Antisemitism And Islamophobia In Arab Media, European Societies, 14:2, ss. 222-239, DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2012.676455.
• BBC, (2018, 19 Şubat). İzlanda Sünneti Yasaklayan İlk Avrupa Ülkesi Olma Yolunda... www.bbc.com.
• TURKINFO, (2015, 24 Şubat). Antisemitizm ve İslamofobi Birlikte Yaşamı Tehdit Ediyor.. www.turkinfo.nl.
• HÜRRİYET, (2015, 19 Temmuz). Avrupa’da Irkçılık ve İslamofobi Arttı. www.hurriyet.com.tr.
• INDEPENDENT, (2008, 3 Temmuz). Muslims feel like ‘Jews of Europe’. www.independent.co.uk.
• ŞALOM, (2008, 17 Eylül). Erdoğan: “İslamofobi de antisemitizm gibi insanlık suçu ilan edilmeli”. www.salom.com.tr. European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) (2003), The Fight against anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Bringing Communities Together (Report), Brussels/ Vienna. http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2003/fight-against-antisemitism-andislamophobia-bringing-communities-together-summary
• European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) (2004) “Working Definition of Anti-Semitism”, http://kantorcenter.tau.ac.il/sites/default/files/WORKING%20 DEFINITION%20OF%20ANTISEMITISM.pdf
• International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) (2016), “Working Definition of AntiSemitism”, https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/index.php/media-room/stories/ working-definition-antisemitism-0
• Islamophobıa Research & Documentatıon Project (IRDP), https://www.crg.berkeley.edu/ research-projects/islamophobia-research-documentation-project/,
• Runnymade Trust (1997), “Islamophobia: A Challenge for us all”, Runnymade Trust, November, https://www.themaydan.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Islamophobia-a-challengefor-us-all-without-cartoons.pdf,
• Runnymade Trust (2018), “Islamophobia Still A Challenge for us all”, https://www. runnymedetrust.org/uploads/Islamophobia%20Report%202018%20FINAL.pdf
• “Anti-Semitism, Racism and Islamophobia”, European Studies (2012), Volume 14, Issue 2. Special Issue.
• “Racialization and Religion: Race, Culture and Difference in the Study of Antisemitism and Islamophobia”, Ethnic and Racial Studies (2013), Volume 36, Issue 3, Special Issue.
• “Imaginaries of the Other: Past and Present Expressions of Islamophobia”, Patterns of Prejudice (2014), Volume 48, Issue 5, Special Issue.