Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

ÖRGÜTSEL VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞI: MADALYONUN DİĞER YÜZÜ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 1, 162 - 182, 24.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1135558

Öz

Bu çalışmada, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (ÖVD) ile çalışanlar arasında kritik bir olgu olan işyeri
dışlanması arasındaki ilişkide kültürel özelliklerin olası rollerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu
nedenle, ÖVD ile işyerinde dışlanma arasındaki ilişkide, kolektivizm ve kolektif duygulara inancın
düzenleyici etkileri olduğunu varsayan nedensel bir model tasarlanmıştır. Türkiye’de çalışan 309 kişi
kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş ve anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürde bulunan
çalışmalardan farklı olarak, ÖVD ile işyerinde dışlanma arasında negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur.
Bunun yanı sıra, kolektivizm ve çalışanların kolektif duygulara olan inançlarının bu ilişkide herhangi bir
düzenleyici rol üstlenmediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışının karanlık yüzünün
kolektivist özelliklere sahip olmasına rağmen Türk kültürü için geçerli olmadığını göstermesi açısından
önemli görülmektedir. Küreselleşmenin, kolektivist örgütlerin katı norm ve kurallarını daha esnek hale
getirdiği ve çalışanların kolektivist inançlarını gevşettiği açıktır. Aynı zamanda bu çalışmada, kültürel
özelliklerden bağımsız olarak, işyerinde dışlanmanın önlenmesine yönelik olarak, çalışanların örgütsel
vatandaşlık davranışlarına yöneltecek birtakım yönetim uygulamalarının önerildiği görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R.H. (1995) Emotion in the Workplace: A Reappraisal. Human Relations, 48, 97- 124.
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26.
  • Barsade, S., & Gibson, D. (2007). Why does affect matter in organization? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 36-57.
  • Basım, H. N., & Şeşen, H. (2006). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ölçeği uyarlama ve karşılaştırma çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 61(4), 83-101.
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
  • Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
  • Bolino, M. C. (1999). Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors?. The Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 82–98.
  • Bolino, M. C., & Turnley,W H. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between ındividual ınitiative and role overload, job stress, and work–family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 740–748.
  • Bolino, M.C., Turnley, W. H., & Niehoff, B. P. (2004). The other side of the story: Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 14(2), 229–246.
  • Bolino, M. C., Varela, J. A., Bande, B., & Turnley, W. H. (2006). The impact of impression management tactics on supervisor ratings of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 281-297.
  • Bolino, M. C., Klotz, A. C., Turnley, W. H., & Harvey, J. (2013). Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior: The dark side of citizenship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 542–559.
  • DeBono, A., Shmueli,D.,& Muraven, M. (2011). Rude and inappropriate: The role of self-control in following social norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(1), 136–146.
  • Doherty, R. W., Orimoto, L., Singelis,T. M., Hatfield, E. & Hebb, J. (1995). Emotional Contagion: Gender and Occupational Differences. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19(3), 355–371.
  • DuBrin, A. J. (2010). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage. Chicago.
  • Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D., & Pagon, M. (2002). Social undermining in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 331–351.
  • Dyne, L. V., Vandewalle, D., Kostova, T., Latham,M. E., & Cummings, L. L. (2000). Collectivism, propensity to trust and self-esteem as predictors of organizational citizenship in a non-work setting. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1), 3–23.
  • Eck, J., Schoel, C., & Greifeneder, R. (2017). Belonging to a majority reduces the ımmediate need threat from ostracism in ındividuals with a high need to belong. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(3), 273- 288.
  • Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fmri study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290–292.
  • Ferris, D. L., Brown,D. J., Berry,J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the workplace ostracism scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348-66.
  • Fisher, J. D., Nadler, A., & Whitcher-Alagna, S. (1982). Recipient reactions to aid. Psychological Bulletin, 91(1), 27–54.
  • Fiske, A. P., Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). The cultural matrix of social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske and G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th Ed.) (pp. 915-981). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Fox, S. & Freeman, A. (2011), Narcissism and the deviant citizen: A common thread in CWB and OCB. In Perrewé, P.L. and Ganster, D.C. (Ed.) The Role of Individual Differences in Occupational Stress and Well Being (Research in Occupational Stress and Well Being (pp. 151-196) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley
  • Fox, S., Spector,P. E., & Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive work behavior (cwb) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 291–309.
  • Fox, S., & Stallworth, L. E. (2005). Racial/ethnic bullying: Exploring links between bullying and racism in the US workplace. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 438–456.
  • Gamian-Wilk, M., Wilk, K., & Meyer, E. S. (2017). Workplace bullying as an arena of social influence: a review of tactics in the bullying process. Forum Oświatowe, 29(1(57)), 79-96.
  • Gelfand, M. J., & Realo, A. (1999). Individualism-collectivism and accountability in intergroup negotiations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 721–736.
  • Gerber, J., & Wheeler, L. (2009). On being rejected a meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(5), 468-488.
  • Gouldner, A. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161- 178.
  • Hales, A. H., Kassner,M. P., Williams,K. D., & Graziano, W. G. (2016). Disagreeableness as a cause and consequence of ostracism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(6), 782–797.
  • Harper, S., Khan, H. T. A., Saxena, A. & Leeson, G. (2006). Attitudes and practices of employers towards aging workers: Evidence from a global survey on the future of retirement. Aging Horizons, 5(1), 31-41.
  • Harvey, G., Turnbull, P., & Wintersberger, D. (2018). Speaking of contradiction. Work, Employment and Society, 33(4), 719–730.
  • Hitlan, R. T., Cliffton,R. J., & DeSoto, M. C. (2006a). Perceived exclusion in the workplace: The moderating effects of gender on work-related attitudes and psychological health. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 217–236.
  • Hitlan, R. T., Kelly, K. M., Schepman, S., Schneider, K. T., & Zárate, M. A. (2006b). Language exclusion and the consequences of perceived ostracism in the workplace. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(1), 56–70.
  • Hitlan, R. T., & Noel, J. (2009). The influence of workplace exclusion and personality on counterproductive work behaviours: An interactionist perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(4), 477–502.
  • Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive, 7(1), 81- 94.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. 2nd ed. London, England: Sage.
  • Hofman, P. S., & Newman, A. (2014). The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment and the moderating role of collectivism and masculinity: evidence from China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(5), 631-652.
  • Howard, M., Cogswell, J., & Smith, M. (2019). The antecedents and outcomes of workplace ostracism: A metaanalysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(6), 577-596.
  • Hui, C., Lam, S. S. K., & Law, K. K. S. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 822-828.
  • Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. M. & Haq, M. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. BRAC University Journal, 1(2), 75-85.
  • Jiang, S., Lu, M., & Sato, H. (2012). Identity, inequality, and happiness: Evidence from urban china. World Development, 40(6), 1190 – 1200.
  • Kim, H., & Markus, H. R. (1999). Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(4), 785–800.
  • Latané, B., & Nida, S. A. (1981). Ten years of research on group size and helping. Psychological Bulletin, 89(2), 308–324.
  • Legate, N., DeHaan, C., Weinstein, N. & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Hurting you hurts me too: The psychological costs of complying with ostracism. Psychological science, 24(4), 583-8.
  • Leung, A. S. M., Wu, L. Z., Chen, Y.Y., & Young, M.N. (2011). The impact of workplace ostracism in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 836–844.
  • Liu, H., & Xia, H. (2016). Workplace ostracism: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 4(03), 197-201.
  • Ma, W., Husain, M., & Bays, P. (2014). Changing concepts of working memory. Nature neuroscience, 17, 347-56. Mackie, D., M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000). Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 602–616.
  • Neuman, J.H. & Baron, R.A., 1998. Aggression in the workplace. In: Giacalone, R., Greenberg, J. (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations. (pp.37-67). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA,
  • Oplatka, I. (2009). Organizational citizenship behavior in teaching: The consequences for teachers, pupils, and the school. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(5), 375-389.
  • O’Reilly, J., & Banki, S. (2016). Research in work and organizational psychology: Social exclusion in the workplace. In social exclusion (pp. 133-155). Springer, Cham.
  • O’Reilly, J., Robinson, S. L., Berdahl, J. L. & Banki, S. (2015). Is negative attention better than no attention: The comparative effects of ostracism and harassment at work. Organization Science, 26(3), 774-793.
  • Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.
  • Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M. & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 262–270.
  • Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting,S. W., Podsakoff,P. & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual – and Organizational-Level Consequences of Organizational Citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122–141.
  • Rauf, F. H. A. (2016). Two sides of the same coin: Harmful or helpful? a critical review of the consequences of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(2), 60- 77.
  • Rabin, M. (1998). Psychology and economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1), 11–46.
  • Renn, R., Allen, D. & Huning, T. (2013). The relationship of social exclusion at work with self-defeating behavior and turnover. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153(2), 229-49.
  • Reysen, S., & Branscombe, N. R. (2008). Belief in collective emotions as conforming to the group. Social Influence, 3(3), 171-188.
  • Richman, L., & Leary, M. R. (2009). Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: A multimotive model. Psychological Review, 116(2), 365–383.
  • Rioux, S. M., & Penner, L. A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1306–1314.
  • Robert, C., & Wasti, S. A. (2002). Organizational individualism and collectivism: Theoretical development and an empirical test of a measure. Journal of Management, 28(4), 544-566.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555–572.
  • Robinson, S. L., O’Reilly, J. & Wang, W. (2013). Invisible at work: An integrated model of workplace ostracism. Journal of Management, 39(1), 203–231.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Schabram, K. (2017). Invisible at work: Workplace ostracism as aggression. In N. A. Bowling & M. S. Hershcovis (Eds.), Current perspectives in social and behavioral sciences. Research and theory on workplace aggression (p. 221–244). Cambridge University Press.
  • Scott, K. L. & Thau, S. (2013). Theory and research on social exclusion in works groups. In C. N. De Wall (Ed.), The oxford handbook of social exclusion, Newyork: Oxford University Press..
  • Salmela, M. (2014). Comment: Critical questions for affect control theory. Emotion Review, 6(2), 138–139.
  • Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: The use of chronically accessible and stable sources. Journal of Personality, 70(3), 345– 385.
  • Singh, A. K., & Singh, A. P. (2010). Career stage and organizational citizenship among Indian managers. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), 268-275.
  • Smith, E. R., Seger, C. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2007). Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 431–446.
  • Smith, P. K. (2016). Bullying: Definition, types, causes, consequences and intervention: Bullying. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(9), 519-532.
  • Snell, R., & and Wong, Y. (2007). Differentiating good soldiers from good actors. Journal of Management Studies, 44(6), 883-909.
  • Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2013). Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation. Journal of Management, 39(3), 684–708.
  • Sommer, K. L., Williams, K. D., Ciarocco, N. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). When silence speaks louder than words: explorations into the intrapsychic and interpersonal consequences of social ostracism. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(4), 225–243.
  • Sonnentag, S., & Grant, A. (2012). Doing good at work feels good at home, but not right away: when and why perceived prosocial impact predicts positive affect. Personnel Psychology, 65(3), 495-530.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. 4th. ed. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tepper, B. J., Duffy,M. K., Hoobler, J. M., & Ensley, M. D. (2004). Moderators of the relationship between coworkers’ organizational citizenship behavior and fellow employees’ attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 455–465.
  • Triandis, H. C. (2015). Collectivism and individualism: Cultural and psychological concerns. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Ed. (4), 206-210.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. In J. J. Berman (Ed.), Current theory and research in motivation, Vol. 37. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1989: Cross-cultural perspectives (p. 41–133). University of Nebraska Press.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
  • Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Stucke, T. S. (2001). If you can’t join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(6), 1058–1069
  • Vardi, Y., & Wiener, Y. (1996). Misbehavior in organizations: A motivational framework. Organization Science, 7(2), 151–165.
  • Van Dyne, L. N. A., & Ellis, J. B. (2004). Job creep: A reactance theory perspective on organizational citizenship behavior as overfulfillment of obligations.In iThe Employment Relationship: Examining Psychological and Contextual Perspectives (pp.181-205) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Walz, S., & Niehoff, B. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: Their relationship to organizational effectiveness. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 24(3), 301-319.
  • Weiner, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Wesselmann, E. D., Wirth, J. H., Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., & Williams, K. D. (2013). When do we ostracize.? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(1), 108–115.
  • Williams, K. D. (1997). Social ostracism. In Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors. (pp.133-170). Springer US
  • Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism: The power of silence. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 425–452.
  • Williams, K. D., & Nida, S. A. (2009). Is ostracism worse than bullying? In M. J. Harris (Ed.), Bullying, rejection, and peer victimization: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective (p. 279–296). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Yaakobi, E., & Williams, K. D. (2016). Ostracism and attachment orientation: Avoidants are less affected in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(1), 162–181.
  • Yablo, P. D., & Field, N. P. (2007). The role of culture in altruism: Thailand and The United States. Psychologia:An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 50(3), 236–251.
  • Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan. P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84-94.

ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 1, 162 - 182, 24.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1135558

Öz

The study aims to discover the probable roles of cultural characteristics in the relationship between
organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and workplace ostracism which is a critical phenomenon among
employees. It was designed in a causal model claiming that there are moderating effects of collectivism and
belief in collective emotions in the relationship between OCB and workplace ostracism. 309 employees
were included randomly in Turkey, and correlation and regression analyses were conducted to test the
hypothesis. Unlike similar studies and the expected relationship in our hypotheses, OCB and workplace
ostracism were found negatively correlated. Moreover, neither organizational collectivism nor employees’
belief in collective emotions had a moderating role in this relationship. The study showed that the dark
side of the OCB does not work for the Turkish culture, although its collectivist features. It is evident that
globalization makes the collectivist organizations’ strict norms and rules more flexible and loosens the
employees’ collectivist beliefs. Regardless of the cultural characteristics, the study also underlines that
workplace ostracism should be prevented with appropriate management strategies like encouraging
employees to be engaged in citizenship behaviors.

Kaynakça

  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R.H. (1995) Emotion in the Workplace: A Reappraisal. Human Relations, 48, 97- 124.
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26.
  • Barsade, S., & Gibson, D. (2007). Why does affect matter in organization? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 36-57.
  • Basım, H. N., & Şeşen, H. (2006). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ölçeği uyarlama ve karşılaştırma çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 61(4), 83-101.
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
  • Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
  • Bolino, M. C. (1999). Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors?. The Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 82–98.
  • Bolino, M. C., & Turnley,W H. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between ındividual ınitiative and role overload, job stress, and work–family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 740–748.
  • Bolino, M.C., Turnley, W. H., & Niehoff, B. P. (2004). The other side of the story: Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 14(2), 229–246.
  • Bolino, M. C., Varela, J. A., Bande, B., & Turnley, W. H. (2006). The impact of impression management tactics on supervisor ratings of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 281-297.
  • Bolino, M. C., Klotz, A. C., Turnley, W. H., & Harvey, J. (2013). Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior: The dark side of citizenship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 542–559.
  • DeBono, A., Shmueli,D.,& Muraven, M. (2011). Rude and inappropriate: The role of self-control in following social norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(1), 136–146.
  • Doherty, R. W., Orimoto, L., Singelis,T. M., Hatfield, E. & Hebb, J. (1995). Emotional Contagion: Gender and Occupational Differences. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19(3), 355–371.
  • DuBrin, A. J. (2010). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage. Chicago.
  • Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D., & Pagon, M. (2002). Social undermining in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 331–351.
  • Dyne, L. V., Vandewalle, D., Kostova, T., Latham,M. E., & Cummings, L. L. (2000). Collectivism, propensity to trust and self-esteem as predictors of organizational citizenship in a non-work setting. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1), 3–23.
  • Eck, J., Schoel, C., & Greifeneder, R. (2017). Belonging to a majority reduces the ımmediate need threat from ostracism in ındividuals with a high need to belong. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(3), 273- 288.
  • Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fmri study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290–292.
  • Ferris, D. L., Brown,D. J., Berry,J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the workplace ostracism scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348-66.
  • Fisher, J. D., Nadler, A., & Whitcher-Alagna, S. (1982). Recipient reactions to aid. Psychological Bulletin, 91(1), 27–54.
  • Fiske, A. P., Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). The cultural matrix of social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske and G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th Ed.) (pp. 915-981). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Fox, S. & Freeman, A. (2011), Narcissism and the deviant citizen: A common thread in CWB and OCB. In Perrewé, P.L. and Ganster, D.C. (Ed.) The Role of Individual Differences in Occupational Stress and Well Being (Research in Occupational Stress and Well Being (pp. 151-196) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley
  • Fox, S., Spector,P. E., & Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive work behavior (cwb) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 291–309.
  • Fox, S., & Stallworth, L. E. (2005). Racial/ethnic bullying: Exploring links between bullying and racism in the US workplace. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 438–456.
  • Gamian-Wilk, M., Wilk, K., & Meyer, E. S. (2017). Workplace bullying as an arena of social influence: a review of tactics in the bullying process. Forum Oświatowe, 29(1(57)), 79-96.
  • Gelfand, M. J., & Realo, A. (1999). Individualism-collectivism and accountability in intergroup negotiations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 721–736.
  • Gerber, J., & Wheeler, L. (2009). On being rejected a meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(5), 468-488.
  • Gouldner, A. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161- 178.
  • Hales, A. H., Kassner,M. P., Williams,K. D., & Graziano, W. G. (2016). Disagreeableness as a cause and consequence of ostracism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(6), 782–797.
  • Harper, S., Khan, H. T. A., Saxena, A. & Leeson, G. (2006). Attitudes and practices of employers towards aging workers: Evidence from a global survey on the future of retirement. Aging Horizons, 5(1), 31-41.
  • Harvey, G., Turnbull, P., & Wintersberger, D. (2018). Speaking of contradiction. Work, Employment and Society, 33(4), 719–730.
  • Hitlan, R. T., Cliffton,R. J., & DeSoto, M. C. (2006a). Perceived exclusion in the workplace: The moderating effects of gender on work-related attitudes and psychological health. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 217–236.
  • Hitlan, R. T., Kelly, K. M., Schepman, S., Schneider, K. T., & Zárate, M. A. (2006b). Language exclusion and the consequences of perceived ostracism in the workplace. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(1), 56–70.
  • Hitlan, R. T., & Noel, J. (2009). The influence of workplace exclusion and personality on counterproductive work behaviours: An interactionist perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(4), 477–502.
  • Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive, 7(1), 81- 94.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. 2nd ed. London, England: Sage.
  • Hofman, P. S., & Newman, A. (2014). The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment and the moderating role of collectivism and masculinity: evidence from China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(5), 631-652.
  • Howard, M., Cogswell, J., & Smith, M. (2019). The antecedents and outcomes of workplace ostracism: A metaanalysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(6), 577-596.
  • Hui, C., Lam, S. S. K., & Law, K. K. S. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 822-828.
  • Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. M. & Haq, M. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. BRAC University Journal, 1(2), 75-85.
  • Jiang, S., Lu, M., & Sato, H. (2012). Identity, inequality, and happiness: Evidence from urban china. World Development, 40(6), 1190 – 1200.
  • Kim, H., & Markus, H. R. (1999). Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(4), 785–800.
  • Latané, B., & Nida, S. A. (1981). Ten years of research on group size and helping. Psychological Bulletin, 89(2), 308–324.
  • Legate, N., DeHaan, C., Weinstein, N. & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Hurting you hurts me too: The psychological costs of complying with ostracism. Psychological science, 24(4), 583-8.
  • Leung, A. S. M., Wu, L. Z., Chen, Y.Y., & Young, M.N. (2011). The impact of workplace ostracism in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 836–844.
  • Liu, H., & Xia, H. (2016). Workplace ostracism: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 4(03), 197-201.
  • Ma, W., Husain, M., & Bays, P. (2014). Changing concepts of working memory. Nature neuroscience, 17, 347-56. Mackie, D., M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000). Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 602–616.
  • Neuman, J.H. & Baron, R.A., 1998. Aggression in the workplace. In: Giacalone, R., Greenberg, J. (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations. (pp.37-67). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA,
  • Oplatka, I. (2009). Organizational citizenship behavior in teaching: The consequences for teachers, pupils, and the school. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(5), 375-389.
  • O’Reilly, J., & Banki, S. (2016). Research in work and organizational psychology: Social exclusion in the workplace. In social exclusion (pp. 133-155). Springer, Cham.
  • O’Reilly, J., Robinson, S. L., Berdahl, J. L. & Banki, S. (2015). Is negative attention better than no attention: The comparative effects of ostracism and harassment at work. Organization Science, 26(3), 774-793.
  • Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.
  • Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M. & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 262–270.
  • Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting,S. W., Podsakoff,P. & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual – and Organizational-Level Consequences of Organizational Citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122–141.
  • Rauf, F. H. A. (2016). Two sides of the same coin: Harmful or helpful? a critical review of the consequences of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(2), 60- 77.
  • Rabin, M. (1998). Psychology and economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1), 11–46.
  • Renn, R., Allen, D. & Huning, T. (2013). The relationship of social exclusion at work with self-defeating behavior and turnover. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153(2), 229-49.
  • Reysen, S., & Branscombe, N. R. (2008). Belief in collective emotions as conforming to the group. Social Influence, 3(3), 171-188.
  • Richman, L., & Leary, M. R. (2009). Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: A multimotive model. Psychological Review, 116(2), 365–383.
  • Rioux, S. M., & Penner, L. A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1306–1314.
  • Robert, C., & Wasti, S. A. (2002). Organizational individualism and collectivism: Theoretical development and an empirical test of a measure. Journal of Management, 28(4), 544-566.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555–572.
  • Robinson, S. L., O’Reilly, J. & Wang, W. (2013). Invisible at work: An integrated model of workplace ostracism. Journal of Management, 39(1), 203–231.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Schabram, K. (2017). Invisible at work: Workplace ostracism as aggression. In N. A. Bowling & M. S. Hershcovis (Eds.), Current perspectives in social and behavioral sciences. Research and theory on workplace aggression (p. 221–244). Cambridge University Press.
  • Scott, K. L. & Thau, S. (2013). Theory and research on social exclusion in works groups. In C. N. De Wall (Ed.), The oxford handbook of social exclusion, Newyork: Oxford University Press..
  • Salmela, M. (2014). Comment: Critical questions for affect control theory. Emotion Review, 6(2), 138–139.
  • Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: The use of chronically accessible and stable sources. Journal of Personality, 70(3), 345– 385.
  • Singh, A. K., & Singh, A. P. (2010). Career stage and organizational citizenship among Indian managers. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), 268-275.
  • Smith, E. R., Seger, C. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2007). Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 431–446.
  • Smith, P. K. (2016). Bullying: Definition, types, causes, consequences and intervention: Bullying. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(9), 519-532.
  • Snell, R., & and Wong, Y. (2007). Differentiating good soldiers from good actors. Journal of Management Studies, 44(6), 883-909.
  • Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2013). Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation. Journal of Management, 39(3), 684–708.
  • Sommer, K. L., Williams, K. D., Ciarocco, N. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). When silence speaks louder than words: explorations into the intrapsychic and interpersonal consequences of social ostracism. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(4), 225–243.
  • Sonnentag, S., & Grant, A. (2012). Doing good at work feels good at home, but not right away: when and why perceived prosocial impact predicts positive affect. Personnel Psychology, 65(3), 495-530.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. 4th. ed. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tepper, B. J., Duffy,M. K., Hoobler, J. M., & Ensley, M. D. (2004). Moderators of the relationship between coworkers’ organizational citizenship behavior and fellow employees’ attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 455–465.
  • Triandis, H. C. (2015). Collectivism and individualism: Cultural and psychological concerns. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Ed. (4), 206-210.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. In J. J. Berman (Ed.), Current theory and research in motivation, Vol. 37. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1989: Cross-cultural perspectives (p. 41–133). University of Nebraska Press.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
  • Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Stucke, T. S. (2001). If you can’t join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(6), 1058–1069
  • Vardi, Y., & Wiener, Y. (1996). Misbehavior in organizations: A motivational framework. Organization Science, 7(2), 151–165.
  • Van Dyne, L. N. A., & Ellis, J. B. (2004). Job creep: A reactance theory perspective on organizational citizenship behavior as overfulfillment of obligations.In iThe Employment Relationship: Examining Psychological and Contextual Perspectives (pp.181-205) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Walz, S., & Niehoff, B. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: Their relationship to organizational effectiveness. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 24(3), 301-319.
  • Weiner, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Wesselmann, E. D., Wirth, J. H., Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., & Williams, K. D. (2013). When do we ostracize.? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(1), 108–115.
  • Williams, K. D. (1997). Social ostracism. In Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors. (pp.133-170). Springer US
  • Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism: The power of silence. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 425–452.
  • Williams, K. D., & Nida, S. A. (2009). Is ostracism worse than bullying? In M. J. Harris (Ed.), Bullying, rejection, and peer victimization: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective (p. 279–296). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Yaakobi, E., & Williams, K. D. (2016). Ostracism and attachment orientation: Avoidants are less affected in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(1), 162–181.
  • Yablo, P. D., & Field, N. P. (2007). The role of culture in altruism: Thailand and The United States. Psychologia:An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 50(3), 236–251.
  • Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan. P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84-94.
Toplam 94 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dilek Işılay Üçok Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6849-0531

Elif Özge Erbay Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7927-0596

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 44 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Üçok, D. I., & Erbay, E. Ö. (2022). ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 44(1), 162-182. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1135558
AMA Üçok DI, Erbay EÖ. ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. Haziran 2022;44(1):162-182. doi:10.14780/muiibd.1135558
Chicago Üçok, Dilek Işılay, ve Elif Özge Erbay. “ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 44, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 162-82. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1135558.
EndNote Üçok DI, Erbay EÖ (01 Haziran 2022) ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 44 1 162–182.
IEEE D. I. Üçok ve E. Ö. Erbay, “ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, c. 44, sy. 1, ss. 162–182, 2022, doi: 10.14780/muiibd.1135558.
ISNAD Üçok, Dilek Işılay - Erbay, Elif Özge. “ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 44/1 (Haziran 2022), 162-182. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1135558.
JAMA Üçok DI, Erbay EÖ. ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;44:162–182.
MLA Üçok, Dilek Işılay ve Elif Özge Erbay. “ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, c. 44, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 162-8, doi:10.14780/muiibd.1135558.
Vancouver Üçok DI, Erbay EÖ. ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;44(1):162-8.