Eğitim Modeli Olarak Bauhaus: Kalıcı Tasarım ve Güçlü Bilgi

Öz

Bauhaus sanat, tasarım ve mimarlık okulunun etkisi, kapanışından bir asır sonra bile hâlâ güncelliğini korumaktadır. Okulun öğrenme teorisi bir bakıma belirsiz olsa da, okulun hem konutsal ve ticari tasarımlara ilham vermeye devam ettiği hem de farklı ülkelerdeki kurumlarda disiplinler arası öğrenmeyi teşvik ettiği konusunda önemli bir fikir birliği bulunmaktadır. Okulun uzun soluklu etkisi, geliştirdiği eğitim modelinde özgün bir şeylerin olduğunu göstermektedir; bu model, öğrencilerin işlevsellik ile yaratıcılığı bir araya getiren tasarımlar üretmelerini sağlamıştır. Bu makalede, Bauhaus’un pedagojik yaklaşımlarını yorumlamak amacıyla güçlü bir bilgi çerçevesi kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle Walter Gropius’a ve tüm öğrencilerin okula kabul edilmeden önce tamamladıkları hazırlık kursuna (Vorkurs) odaklanılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, Bauhaus tasarımlarının kalıcı etkisinin; zanaat ve uygulama bilgisinin, genelleştirilebilir bilgi ile eylem arasında kurulan bağdan kaynaklandığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Güncel ve tarihsel literatür incelenerek; bu öğrenme modelinin bilgi çeşitliliğini, soyutlamayı, öğrenmenin organizasyonunu ve analojik akıl yürütmenin gelişimini nasıl içerdiği ve nasıl özgürleştirici bir potansiyele sahip olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, güçlü bir bilgi çerçevesi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu analiz ile genelleştirilebilir niteliklere sahip ve öğrenmeyi desteklemeyi amaçlayan müfredat tasarımına ilişkin önemli içgörüler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• analojik akıl yürütme
• Bauhaus
• yeterlilik
• müfredat tasarımı
• güçlü bilgi

The Bauhaus as Education Model: Enduring Design and Powerful Knowledge

Öz

The influence of the Bauhaus art, design, and architecture school is still relevant a century after it was closed down. Although its theory of learning is somewhat elusive there is significant agreement that the school continues to inspire domestic and commercial design, as well as stimulating interdisciplinary learning in institutions across a variety of national contexts. The longstanding influence of the school suggests that there was something special about the model of education that it developed; a model that enabled its students to generate designs that married functionality and creativity. In this paper we use a powerful knowledge framework to interpret the Bauhaus pedagogic concept, paying particular attention to Walter Gropius and the preliminary course (Vorkurs) that all students completed prior to acceptance into the school. Our interpretation suggests that the enduring impact of the designs generated by the Bauhäusler is a feature of how the Bauhaus programme linked craft and practice knowledge, generalisable knowledge, and action. Reviewing contemporary and historical literature we explore how this learning model incorporates knowledge range and abstraction, the organisation of learning, the development of analogical reasoning, and has a liberating potential. Our analysis of the Bauhaus using a powerful knowledge framework therefore gives important insight into the design of curriculum which aim to support learning with generalisable qualities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• analogical reasoning
• Bauhaus
• competence
• curriculum design
• powerful knowledge

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