Types of Spectacle Lenses for Myopia Control in Children: A Narrative Review with Quantitative Synthesis

Öz

This narrative review assessed the efficacy and safety of spectacle lens designs for myopia control in children, combining narrative evidence with descriptive quantitative summaries. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2012–2024) identified 28 eligible studies, including 16 randomized controlled trials, 6 cohort studies, and 6 observational studies, with a total of ~7,200 children aged 6–17 years (baseline myopia –0.50 D to –8.00 D). DIMS lenses showed the strongest evidence, reducing axial elongation by 40–60% and slowing spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression by 0.35–0.70 D compared with single-vision lenses. Aspherical lenslets reduced axial elongation by 35–55% and SER by 0.30–0.65 D. CARE and DOT lenses provided modest effects (20–45% reduction in axial elongation; 0.20–0.50 D SER slowing), but evidence remains short term. Positive–negative lenslets demonstrated ~40% axial elongation reduction in a single study. Across all designs, adverse effects were minimal and limited to transient adaptation issues. In conclusion, spectacle lenses are safe, non-invasive, and effective options for pediatric myopia control. DIMS and highly aspherical lenslets currently offer the strongest support, while further long-term, multicenter trials and cost-effectiveness studies are needed to validate other designs and inform global practice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Children
• DIMS Lenses
• Myopia
• Myopia Control
• Narrative Review
• Spectacle Lenses

Çocuklarda Miyopi Kontrolü İçin Gözlük Camı Türleri: Nicel Sentez ile Desteklenmiş Bir Anlatı İncelemesi

Öz

Bu anlatı incelemesi, çocuklarda miyopi kontrolü için farklı gözlük camı tasarımlarının etkinlik ve güvenliğini değerlendirmiştir. PubMed, Scopus ve Google Scholar veritabanlarında 2012–2024 yılları arasında yapılan aramalar sonucunda toplam 28 çalışma (16 randomize kontrollü çalışma, 6 kohort, 6 gözlemsel) dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmalar yaklaşık 7.200 çocukta (6–17 yaş, başlangıç miyopisi –0.50 D ile –8.00 D) yürütülmüştür. En güçlü kanıt DIMS camları için bulunmuş, aksiyel uzamayı %40–60 oranında azaltmış ve küresel eşdeğer kırma kusuru (SER) ilerlemesini 0.35–0.70 D yavaşlatmıştır. Yüksek asferik mercekler aksiyel uzamayı %35–55, SER ilerlemesini 0.30–0.65 D azaltmıştır. CARE ve DOT camları daha mütevazı sonuçlar göstermiştir (%20–45 aksiyel uzama azalması; 0.20–0.50 D SER yavaşlaması) ancak kanıtlar kısa süreli çalışmalara dayanmaktadır. Pozitif–negatif mercekler tek bir çalışmada yaklaşık %40 aksiyel uzama azalması bildirmiştir. Tüm tasarımlarda yan etkiler genellikle hafif ve geçici adaptasyon sorunlarıyla sınırlı kalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gözlük camları güvenli, invaziv olmayan ve etkili miyopi kontrol yöntemleridir. DIMS ve yüksek asferik mercekler en güçlü kanıta sahiptir; CARE, DOT ve pozitif–negatif mercekler için ise uzun dönemli ve çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuklar
• DIMS Camları
• Miyopi
• Miyopi Kontrolü
• Anlatı İncelemesi
• Gözlük Camları

Kaynakça

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