Araştırma Makalesi
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Üçüncü Basamak Bir Sağlık Merkezinde Erken Gebelikte D Vitamini Eksikliği Prevalansı: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 , 116 - 121 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1851024
https://izlik.org/JA27LT65BM

Öz

Vitamin D, kalsiyum metabolizması, immün düzenleme ve hücre büyümesinde önemli bir rol oynar. Erken gebelik dönemindeki vitamin D eksikliği, anne ve fetüs sağlığını olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul’da üçüncü basamak bir sağlık merkezine başvuran birinci trimester gebelerin vitamin D eksikliği prevalansını ve ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir. Ocak 2020–Ocak 2024 tarihleri arasında antenatal kliniğe başvuran toplam 1105 gebe kadın retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Vitamin D durumu yeterli, yetersiz ve eksik olarak sınıflandırıldı. Vitamin D eksikliği ayrıca hafif, orta ve ağır olarak kategorize edildi. Serum 25(OH)D düzeyleri yaş, mevsim ve aya göre değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların medyan yaşı 29 yıl (aralık 17–50) olup, medyan serum 25(OH)D düzeyi 11,1 ng/mL (ortalama ± SS: 13,7 ± 9,2) idi. Vitamin D eksikliği (<20 ng/mL) katılımcıların %78,5’inde saptandı. En düşük vitamin D düzeyleri kış aylarında (medyan 9,1 ng/mL), en yüksek düzeyler ise yaz aylarında (medyan 11,95 ng/mL) gözlendi. Vitamin D düzeyleri 30 yaş altındaki bireylerde, 30 yaş ve üzerindeki bireylere kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü. Mevsimsel gruplamada ise kış–ilkbahar döneminde vitamin D düzeyleri, yaz–sonbahar dönemine göre anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulundu. Bu bulgular, özellikle genç gebelerde ve kış aylarında vitamin D düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir ve bu gruplarda vitamin D eksikliği ve yetersizliğinin izlenmesi ve uygun koruyucu stratejilerin uygulanması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Çalışma için etik kurul onayı, İstanbul Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Şehir Hastanesi Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır (24 Nisan 2024 tarihli, 2024/010.99/3/6 sayılı karar).

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur

Kaynakça

  • Mulligan ML, Felton SK, Riek AE, et al. Implications of vitamin-D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(5):429.e1-429.e9.
  • Shrestha D, Budhathoki S, Pokhrel S, et al. Prevalence of vitamin-D deficiency in pregnant women and their babies in Bhaktapur, Nepal. BMC Nutr. 2019;5(1):31.
  • Bodnar LM, Simhan HN, Catov JM, et al. Maternal vitamin-D status and the risk of mild and severe preeclampsia. Epidemiology. 2014;25(2):207-214.
  • Dror DK. Vitamin-D status during pregnancy: maternal, fetal, and postnatal outcomes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;23(6):422-426.
  • Scholl TO, Chen X, Stein P. Maternal vitamin-D status and delivery by cesarean. Nutrients. 2012;4(4):319-330.
  • Khalessi N, Kalani M, Araghi M, et al. The relationship between maternal Vitamin-D deficiency and low birth weight neonates. J Family Reprod Health. 2015;9(3):113-117.
  • Dawodu A, Wagner CL. Prevention of vitamin-D deficiency in mothers and infants worldwide - a paradigm shift. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2012;32(1):3-13.
  • Camargo CA, Ingham T, Wickens K, et al. Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels and risk of respiratory infection, wheezing, and asthma. Pediatrics. 2011;127(1):180-187.
  • Hekimsoy Z, Dinç G, Kafesciler S, et al. Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:782.
  • Çidem M, Kara S, Sarı H, et al. Yaygın kas-iskelet ağrısı olan hastalarda D vitamini eksikliği prevalansı ve risk faktörleri. J Clin Exp Invest. 2013;4(4):488-491.
  • Aydın S, Yıldız A, Yılmaz M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their newborns. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018;10(1):44-50.
  • Demircan S, Özdemir Ö, Çelik Ç, et al. Maternal and neonatal vitamin D status and related factors. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;14(1):1-7.
  • Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, et al. Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;180(4):23-54.
  • Dawodu A, Saadi HF, Bekdache G, et al. Higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant Arab women compared to non-pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:7.
  • Eken E, Uzunlulu M, Köstek O, et al. Seasonal Variation of Vitamin-D Levels in the Adult Population in Istanbul Turkey: A Population-based study. J Adv Res Health Sci. 2023;6:270-275.
  • Gozdzik A, Barta JL, Wu H, et al. Seasonal variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a healthy adult population in Canada. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(3):1339-1346.
  • Hintzpeter B, Scheidt-Nave C, Müller MJ, et al. Higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is associated with immigrant background among children and adolescents in Germany. J Nutr. 2008;138(8):1482-1490.
  • Ono Y, Suzuki A, Kotake M, et al. Seasonal changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels in Japanese women. J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;37(3):398-403.
  • Hashemipour S, Larijani B, Adibi H, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and causative factors in the population of Tehran. BMC Public Health. 2004;4:38.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 , 116 - 121 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1851024
https://izlik.org/JA27LT65BM

Öz

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium metabolism, immune regulation, and cell growth. Deficiency during early pregnancy may adversely affect maternal and fetal health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and related factors in pregnant women in their first trimester who attended a tertiary care center in Istanbul. A total of 1105 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic between January 2020 and January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Vitamin D status was classified as sufficient, insufficient, and deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was further categorized as mild, moderate and severe. Serum 25(OH)D levels were analyzed according to age, season, and month. The median age of participants was 29 years (range 17–50), and the median serum 25(OH)D level was 11.1 ng/mL (mean ± SD: 13.7 ± 9.2). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was detected in 78.5% of participants. The lowest levels were observed in winter (median 9.1 ng/mL), and the highest levels were observed in summer (median 11.95 ng/mL).Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in individuals under 30 years of age compared with those aged 30 years and older. In seasonal grouping, vitamin D levels were also significantly lower in the winter–spring period compared to the summer–autumn period. The findings show that vitamin D levels are lower, especially among young pregnant women and during winter months, highlighting the need for monitoring and appropriate preventive strategies for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in these groups.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Istanbul Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital Ethics Committee (dated 24 April 2024, reference no: 2024/010.99/3/6).

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Kaynakça

  • Mulligan ML, Felton SK, Riek AE, et al. Implications of vitamin-D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(5):429.e1-429.e9.
  • Shrestha D, Budhathoki S, Pokhrel S, et al. Prevalence of vitamin-D deficiency in pregnant women and their babies in Bhaktapur, Nepal. BMC Nutr. 2019;5(1):31.
  • Bodnar LM, Simhan HN, Catov JM, et al. Maternal vitamin-D status and the risk of mild and severe preeclampsia. Epidemiology. 2014;25(2):207-214.
  • Dror DK. Vitamin-D status during pregnancy: maternal, fetal, and postnatal outcomes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;23(6):422-426.
  • Scholl TO, Chen X, Stein P. Maternal vitamin-D status and delivery by cesarean. Nutrients. 2012;4(4):319-330.
  • Khalessi N, Kalani M, Araghi M, et al. The relationship between maternal Vitamin-D deficiency and low birth weight neonates. J Family Reprod Health. 2015;9(3):113-117.
  • Dawodu A, Wagner CL. Prevention of vitamin-D deficiency in mothers and infants worldwide - a paradigm shift. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2012;32(1):3-13.
  • Camargo CA, Ingham T, Wickens K, et al. Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels and risk of respiratory infection, wheezing, and asthma. Pediatrics. 2011;127(1):180-187.
  • Hekimsoy Z, Dinç G, Kafesciler S, et al. Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:782.
  • Çidem M, Kara S, Sarı H, et al. Yaygın kas-iskelet ağrısı olan hastalarda D vitamini eksikliği prevalansı ve risk faktörleri. J Clin Exp Invest. 2013;4(4):488-491.
  • Aydın S, Yıldız A, Yılmaz M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their newborns. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018;10(1):44-50.
  • Demircan S, Özdemir Ö, Çelik Ç, et al. Maternal and neonatal vitamin D status and related factors. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;14(1):1-7.
  • Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, et al. Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;180(4):23-54.
  • Dawodu A, Saadi HF, Bekdache G, et al. Higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant Arab women compared to non-pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:7.
  • Eken E, Uzunlulu M, Köstek O, et al. Seasonal Variation of Vitamin-D Levels in the Adult Population in Istanbul Turkey: A Population-based study. J Adv Res Health Sci. 2023;6:270-275.
  • Gozdzik A, Barta JL, Wu H, et al. Seasonal variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a healthy adult population in Canada. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(3):1339-1346.
  • Hintzpeter B, Scheidt-Nave C, Müller MJ, et al. Higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is associated with immigrant background among children and adolescents in Germany. J Nutr. 2008;138(8):1482-1490.
  • Ono Y, Suzuki A, Kotake M, et al. Seasonal changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels in Japanese women. J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;37(3):398-403.
  • Hashemipour S, Larijani B, Adibi H, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and causative factors in the population of Tehran. BMC Public Health. 2004;4:38.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Beyzanur Kahyaoğlu 0000-0002-4083-7636

Rezzan Berna Temoçin 0000-0001-9877-1767

Aylin Yılmaz 0000-0001-6243-3993

Pınar Yıldız 0000-0001-7624-3656

Emre Mat 0000-0002-3965-543X

Fatih Şanlıkan 0000-0002-3166-7129

Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Nisan 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1851024
IZ https://izlik.org/JA27LT65BM
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kahyaoğlu, B., Temoçin, R. B., Yılmaz, A., Yıldız, P., Mat, E., & Şanlıkan, F. (2026). Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 13(1), 116-121. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1851024
AMA 1.Kahyaoğlu B, Temoçin RB, Yılmaz A, Yıldız P, Mat E, Şanlıkan F. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center. MMJ. 2026;13(1):116-121. doi:10.47572/muskutd.1851024
Chicago Kahyaoğlu, Beyzanur, Rezzan Berna Temoçin, Aylin Yılmaz, Pınar Yıldız, Emre Mat, ve Fatih Şanlıkan. 2026. “Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 13 (1): 116-21. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1851024.
EndNote Kahyaoğlu B, Temoçin RB, Yılmaz A, Yıldız P, Mat E, Şanlıkan F (01 Nisan 2026) Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 13 1 116–121.
IEEE [1]B. Kahyaoğlu, R. B. Temoçin, A. Yılmaz, P. Yıldız, E. Mat, ve F. Şanlıkan, “Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center”, MMJ, c. 13, sy 1, ss. 116–121, Nis. 2026, doi: 10.47572/muskutd.1851024.
ISNAD Kahyaoğlu, Beyzanur - Temoçin, Rezzan Berna - Yılmaz, Aylin - Yıldız, Pınar - Mat, Emre - Şanlıkan, Fatih. “Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 13/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 116-121. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1851024.
JAMA 1.Kahyaoğlu B, Temoçin RB, Yılmaz A, Yıldız P, Mat E, Şanlıkan F. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center. MMJ. 2026;13:116–121.
MLA Kahyaoğlu, Beyzanur, vd. “Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, c. 13, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 116-21, doi:10.47572/muskutd.1851024.
Vancouver 1.Beyzanur Kahyaoğlu, Rezzan Berna Temoçin, Aylin Yılmaz, Pınar Yıldız, Emre Mat, Fatih Şanlıkan. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center. MMJ. 01 Nisan 2026;13(1):116-21. doi:10.47572/muskutd.1851024