The Incidence, Risk Factors and Short Term Prognosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Preterms

Öz

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common morbidities associated with preterm birth. This study aims to investigate the risk factors of BPD and short-term prognosis of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants with BPD. VLBW preterm infants, who were diagnosed with BPD, were included in the study as a case group (n=50), VLBW preterm infants without BPD were included as the control group (n=184). Gestational age, birth weight, diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), sepsis, the duration of mechanical ventilation, cranial ultrasonography, history of antenatal period recorded from the hospital records. The developmental status of preterm infants with BPD was assessed by Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II). There were statistically significant differences in terms of birth weight and small for gestational age, ROP, PDA, sepsis, surfactant therapy rates between the case and the control groups. The case group was classified into three groups (mild, moderate, severe) according to the oxygen requirement. There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of gestational age, birth weight and mortality. The means of gestational age and birth weight were the lowest, mortality was the highest in the severe BPD group. In the case group, 21.7% of preterm infants had neurodevelopmental delay according to the DDST-II. It is found that low birth weight and gestational age are risk factors for BPD and associated with mortality. It is also found that BPD associated with neurodevelopmental delay, sepsis, PDA and ROP. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
• Very Low Birth Weight Preterms
• Neurodevelopmental Delay
• Risk Factors

Çok Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Pretermlerde Bronkopulmoner Displazi Sıklığı, Risk Faktörleri ve Kısa Dönem Prognozları

Öz

Bronkopulmoner displazi (BPD) erken doğumla ilişkili en yaygın morbiditelerden biridir. Bu çalışmada BPD risk faktörleri ve BPD tanılı çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematüre bebeklerin kısa dönem prognozlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. BPD tanısı alan çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematüre bebekler çalışma grubu olarak (n=50), BPD tanısı olmayan çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematüre bebekler kontrol grubu (n=184) olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gestasyonel yaş, doğum ağırlığı, doğum şekli, prematüre retinopatisi (ROP), patent duktus arteriozus (PDA), sepsis, mekanik ventilasyon süresi, kraniyal ultrasonografi, prenatal öykü hastane kayıtlarından kaydedildi. BPD tanılı prematüre bebeklerin nörogelişimsel durumu Denver-II gelişimsel tarama testi ile değerlendirildi. Çalışmada gebelik yaşına göre düşük doğum ağırlıklı olma (SGA), ROP, PDA ve sepsis tanılarının yüzdeleri, surfaktan tedavi oranı ve doğum ağırlığı açısından çalışma ve kontrol grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar saptandı. Çalışma grubu oksijen ihtiyacına göre üç gruba (hafif, orta, şiddetli BPD) sınıflandırıldı. Üç grup arasında gebelik yaşı, doğum kilosu ve mortalite açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı. Şiddetli BPD grubunda gebelik yaşı ve doğum ağırlığının ortalama değerleri en düşük, mortalite oranı da en yüksek bulundu. Çalışma grubunun %21.7'sinde Denver-II gelişimsel tarama testine göre nörogelişimsel gecikme saptandı. Düşük doğum ağırlığı ve düşük gebelik yaşı BPD için risk faktörü ve mortaliteyle ilişkili bulunurken, aynı zamanda BPD tanısının nörogelişimsel gecikme, sepsis, PDA ve ROP tanılarıyla da ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bronkopulmoner Displazi
• Çok Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Prematüre
• Nörogelişimsel Gecikme
• Risk Faktörleri

Kaynakça

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