Ataxias: Pathogenesis, Types, Causes and Treatment

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 32 - 39, 01.08.2017

Anıl Tanburoğlu Mehmet Karataş

Öz

 Ataxia refers to incoordination in voluntary
movements and abnormal postural control. 
There are many different statements concerning the definition, scope and
terminology of ataxia.  Different
clinical findings, exposure to different neurological structures and several
causes play a role in the formation of each ataxia type. In most cases, there
is no cure for ataxia and a supportive treatment is necessary to control the
symptoms. Ataxia usually results from a damage to the cerebellum and its
connections such as the vestibular, proprioceptive and visual systems.
Clinically, ataxias can be subdivided into cerebellar, vestibular, sensory,
frontal, optic, visual, mixed ataxia and ataxic-hemiparesis. Etiologically,
ataxias may be divided into hereditary ataxias, sporadic degenerative ataxias
and acquired ataxias. Genetic forms of ataxia must be distinguished from the
acquired ataxias including chronic alcohol use, cerebrovascular disorders,
various toxic agents, immune-mediated inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, and
chronic central nervous system infections. After the treatment of identified
acquired causes, since ataxia is usually resistant to medical treatments, the
management is supportive but may involve physical, occupational, and speech
therapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ataxia, Causes, Pathogenesis, Types of Ataxia, Treatment

Ataksiler: Patogenez, Tipleri, Nedenleri ve Tedavisi

Öz

Ataksi istemli hareketlerde inkoordinasyon ve
anormal postüral kontrol anlamına gelir. Ataksinin tanımına, kapsamına ve
terminolojisine ilişkin birçok farklı ifade vardır. Farklı klinik bulgular,
farklı nörolojik yapıların etkilenmesi ve birçok neden her bir ataksi tipinin
ortaya çıkmasında rol oynar. Olguların çoğunda ataksinin tedavisi yoktur ve
semptomları kontrol etmek için destek tedavisi gereklidir. Ataksi sıklıkla
serebellum ve vestibüler, proprioseptif ve görsel sistemler gibi sistemlerle
bağlantılarının hasarından kaynaklanır. Ataksiler klinik olarak serebellar,
vestibüler, duyusal, frontal, optik, görsel, mikst tip ataksi ve ataksik –
hemiparezi şeklinde alt gruplara ayrılabilir. Ataksiler etyolojik olarak
herediter ataksiler, sporadik dejeneratif ataksiler ve edinilmiş ataksiler
olarak gruplanabilir. Ataksilerin genetik formları mutlaka kronik alkol
kullanımı, serebrovasküler hastalıklar, çeşitli toksik ajanlar, immun –
aracılıklı inflamasyon, vitamin eksiklikleri ve kronik santral sinir sistemi
enfeksiyonlarını içeren edinilmiş ataksilerden ayırt edilmelidir. Ataksi
sıklıkla medikal tedavilere dirençli olduğu için, saptanan edinilmiş nedenlerin
tedavisinden sonraki tedavi destek tedavisidir fakat fiziksel, mesleki ve
konuşma terapilerini içerebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ataksi, Ataksi Tipleri, Nedenleri, Patogenez, Tedavi

Kaynakça

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