Ketojenik Diyet ve Duygudurum Bozukluğu

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 69 - 74, 31.08.2021

Mustafa Bayraktar , Hacı Aydemir

Öz

Ketojenik diyetin, depresyon ve duygudurum bozuklukları tedavisinde etkinliğini gösteren çalışmalar, tamamen sağlıklı bireylerin ketojenik diyet sonrası, duygudurum değişikliği ve bozukluğu oluşabileceği ihtimalini ve araştırılması gerektiği gerçeğini akıllara getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, literatürde ilk kez, ketojenik diyet uygulayan ve psikiyatrik hastalığı olmayan bireylerde duygudurum bozuklukları araştırılmıştır. Tıbbi amaç olmaksızın ketojenik diyet uygulayan 18-65 yaş arası erkek ve kadın gönüllüler çalışmaya alınarak, web tabanlı anket sorularını cevaplamaları istenmiştir. Duygudurum bozukluğunun taranması için “Duygudurum Bozukluğu Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Psikiyatrik herhangi bir hastalığı olmayan 60 katılımcı çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların ketojenik diyet yapma süreleri ortalama 5.7 aydı. Katılımcılarda duygudurum bozukluğu, genel popülasyonda beklenenden daha yüksek oranda, %26.7 oranında tespit edilmiştir. Duygudurum bozukluğu ile katılımcıların yaşı arasında istatistiksel anlamlı ilişki varken (p=0.029), duygudurum bozukluğu ile cinsiyet, beden kitle endeksi, obezite sınıflandırması ve ketojenik diyet süreleri arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Duygudurum bozukluğu pozitif saptanan bireyler, daha konuşkan, kendine güvenen, daha az uyuyan, düşünceleri daha hızlı, daha kolay dikkati dağılan, daha sosyal, cinsellikle daha fazla ilgilenen ve daha fazla para harcayan kişiler oldukları tespit edildi ve istatistiksel olarak bu durumları anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). Çalışmamızda, ketojenik diyet uygulanan bireylerde duygudurum bozukluğu yüksek bir oranda, %26.7 oranında saptanmıştır. Bu sonuç, ketojenik diyet uygulanan bireylerde duygudurum bozukluğunun taranmasını ve riskli bireylerde ketojenik diyet uygularken dikkat edilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bipolar Bozukluk, Duygudurum Bozukluğu, Ketojenik Diyet, Ölçek

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur.

Ketogenic Diet and Mood Disorder

Öz

Studies investigating the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of depression and mood disorders bring to mind the possibility that a healthy individual may develop a mood disorder after a ketogenic diet. In this study, for the first time in the literature, it was aimed to investigate mood disorders in psychiatrically healthy individuals who are following a ketogenic diet. Volunteers between the ages of 18-65, who went on a ketogenic diet without medical purposes, were included in the study and asked to answer web-based questions including the “Mood Disorder Questionnaire”. Sixty participants, who did not have any known psychiatric illnesses, and who did not use any psychiatric medications were included. The mean duration of the participants' ketogenic diet was 5.7 months. The ratio of the mood disorder was found to be 26.7%. A statistical difference was found between mood disorder and age (p=0.029); but no significance was detected between mood disorder and gender, body mass index, obesity and diet durations. Those with positive mood disorders were more active, more social and talkative, more self-confident, less sleepy, more interested in sexuality, spent more money, easily distracted, thoughts were faster in their minds and all these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The present study found the rate of mood disorders to be 26.7% in individuals who were following a ketogenic diet. This reveals the necessity of screening for mood disorders in individuals on ketogenic diet and the necessity of avoiding ketogenic diet in patients at risk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bipolar Disorder, Mood Disorder, Ketogenic Diet, Questionnaire

Kaynakça

• 1. Höhn S, Dozières-Puyravel B, Auvin S. History of dietary treatment from Wilder's hypothesis to the first open studies in the 1920s. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;101:106588.
• 2. Peterman MG. The ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy: A Preliminary Report. Am J Dis Child. 1924;28(1):28-33.
• 3. Wheless JW. History of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2008;49(8):3-5.
• 4. Mohorko N, Černelič-Bizjak M, Poklar-Vatovec T, et al. Weight loss, improved physical performance, cognitive function, eating behavior, and metabolic profile in a 12-week ketogenic diet in obese adults. Nutrition Res. 2019;62:64-77.
• 5. Kosinski C, Jornayvaz FR. Effects of ketogenic diets on cardiovascular risk factors: Evidence from animal and human studies. Nutrients. 2017;9(5):517.
• 6. Gasior M, Rogawski MA, Hartman AL. Neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects of the ketogenic diet. Behav Pharmacol. 2006;17(5-6):431-9.
• 7. Murphy P, Likhodii S, Nylen K, et al. The antidepressant properties of the ketogenic diet. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;56(12):981-3.
• 8. Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(5):543-52.
• 9. Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, et al. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1561-72.
• 10. Kayhan F, Cıcek E, Uguz F, et al. Mood and anxiety disorders among inpatients of a university hospital in Turkey. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35(4):417-22.
• 11. Uguz F, Yakut E, Aydogan S, et al. Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy: A case-control study with a large sample size. Psychiatry Res. 2019;272:316-8.
• 12. Godart N, Radon L, Curt F, et al. Mood disorders in eating disorder patients: Prevalence and chronology of ONSET. J Affect Disord. 2015;185:115-22.
• 13. Brietzke E, Mansur RB, Subramaniapillai M, et al. Ketogenic diet as a metabolic therapy for mood disorders: Evidence and developments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;94:11-6.
• 14. Lambrechts DA, Bovens MJ, de la Parra NM, et al. Ketogenic diet effects on cognition, mood, and psychosocial adjustment in children. Acta Neurol Scand. 2013;127(2):103-8. 15. Bostock ECS, Kirkby KC, Taylor BVM. The current status of the ketogenic diet in psychiatry. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:43.
• 16. Rakofsky J, Rapaport M. Mood Disorders. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2018;24(3):804-27.
• 17. Hirschfeld R, Williams J, Spitzer R, et al. Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: The mood disorder questionnaire. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1873-5.
• 18. Konuk N, Kiran S, Tamam L, et al. Validation of the Turkish version of the mood disorder questionnaire for screening bipolar disorders. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2007;18(2):147-54.
• 19. Miller CJ, Klugman J, Berv DA, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire for detecting bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2004;81(2):167-71.
• 20. Williams N. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire. Occup Med (Lond). 2017;67(2):165-6.
• 21. Clemente AS, Diniz BS, Nicolato R, et al. Bipolar disorder prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Braz J Psychiatry. 2015;37(2):155-61.
• 22. Moreira ALR, Van Meter A, Genzlinger J, et al. Review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of adult bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(9):1259-69.
• 23. Joslyn C, Hawes DJ, Hunt C, et al. Is age of onset associated with severity, prognosis, and clinical features in bipolar disorder? A meta-analytic review. Bipolar Disord. 2016;18(5):389-403.
• 24. McClernon FJ, Yancy Jr WS, Eberstein JA, et al. The effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-fat diet on mood, hunger, and other self-reported symptoms. Obesity. 2007;15(1):182.
• 25. Phelps JR, Siemers SV, El-Mallakh RS. The ketogenic diet for type II bipolar disorder. Neurocase. 2013;19(5):423-6.
• 26. Iacovides S, Goble D, Paterson B, et al. Three consecutive weeks of nutritional ketosis has no effect on cognitive function, sleep, and mood compared with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in healthy individuals: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;110(2):349-57.
• 27. Campbell IH, Campbell H. Ketosis and bipolar disorder: controlled analytic study of online reports. B J Psych Open. 2019;5(4):e58.
• 28. Brown AJ. Low-carb diets, fasting and euphoria: Is there a link between ketosis and γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)? Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(2):268-71.